【作者】 秦性英；

【导师】 杨秋生；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验利用玉米秸秆和花生壳进行发酵,对所得发酵基质的营养元素、有机成分和理化性状进行测定和分析;并进一步将发酵基质与珍珠岩和蛭石等无机基质按不同的比例进行混合,以小叶卫矛、一品红、红叶石楠、羽扇豆和油茶为供试材料,进行扦插育苗和播种育苗栽培试验,筛选出适合其生长的优良基质配方,为下一步进行压缩基质的生产提供力量理论依据。实验结果如下:(1)发酵基质的各种营养元素含量丰富,全氮含量略低于草炭,但高于Jiffy固体压缩基质;全磷、全钾含量均高于草炭和Jiffy固体压缩基质,尤其是全钾含量,是草炭的6倍,是Jiffy固体压缩基质的16倍;铁含量低于草炭,钙含量是草炭的4倍。(2)有机成分上,发酵基质的半纤维素、木质素和有机质含量均低于草炭和Jiffy固体压缩基质;纤维素和腐殖酸含量高于草炭而低于Jiffy固体压缩基质。(3)发酵基质的容重高于草炭,总孔隙度和持水孔隙低于草炭,通气空隙高于草炭;pH值高于草炭和Jiffy固体压缩基质,但总体上呈酸性,在适宜植物生长范围之内;EC值最高达到4.53 mS·cm-1,高于作物生长的安全EC值(2.6 mS·cm-1)。(4)发酵基质与蛭石按不同配比混合后,容重较大,总孔隙度和通气孔隙较小,pH值最多下降了0.05,EC值最多下降至3.18 mS·cm-1,仍高出作物生长的安全EC值;和珍珠岩混配后,混合基质容重较小,总孔隙度、通气空隙和持水孔隙较大,pH值上升0.8,EC值上升0.79。发酵基质与珍珠岩混配后,物理性状得到较大改良,但突出的问题仍然是EC值过高。(5)混配基质扦插育苗试验结果表明:小叶卫矛、一品红和红叶石楠在发酵基质﹕过磷酸钙﹕珍珠岩=40﹕1﹕20的混合基质中扦插的整体效果最好。混配基质播种育苗结果表明:油茶在发酵基质﹕过磷酸钙﹕珍珠岩=30﹕1﹕10的混合基质中表现较好;羽扇豆在发酵基质﹕过磷酸钙﹕蛭石=30﹕1﹕10中表现较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study is using corn stalk and peanut shell in China to fermentate productions, then determinate and analysis the nutrient elements, organic components and physi-chemical characters of the organic substrate; after that, mix the organic substrate with perlite and vermiculite, select superior formulation to do cuttage of Euonymus nanoides、Euphorbia pulcherrima willd and Photinia fraseri, and sowing breeding of Camellca oleifera Abel and Lupinus polyphyll. Screen the prescriptions which could fit for the plants to replace peat, and provide evidence for producing compression matrix in next. The results are as follows:(1) The nutrient contents of the Fermentation Substrate are abundant, the total nitrogen content is a little lower than peat but higher than Jiffy; total phosphorus and total potassium contents are all higher than peat and Jiffy, Especially total potassium contents are 6 times higher than peat and 16 times higher than Jiffy, the content of Fe element is lower than peat, but Calcium element is 6 times higher than peat.(2)On the organic components, the content of hemicellulose, lignin and organic matter are all lower than peat and Jiffy; the content of cellulose and humic acid are higher than peat but lower than Jiffy.(3) The bulk density of the fermentation substrate is higher than peat, the total porosity and water containing pores are lower than peat, the air space is a bit higher than peat; the pH value is higher than peat and Jiffy, but it is acid and fit for plants growth. The EC value is so high that it is 4.53 mS·cm-1, and the plants growth’s safety EC value is 2.6 mS·cm-1.(4) Mixed the fermentation substrate with vermiculite, bulk density become bigger, total porosity and air space become smaller, The pH decreases 0.05, the EC value reduces 1.35; after mixing with perlite, bulk density become smaller, total porosity, air space and water containing pores become bigger, The pH value rise 0.8, and the EC value rise 0.79. So, the fermentation substrate mixed with perlite, whose physical properties is improved greatly, but the prominent problem still is the EC value; after mixing with vermiculite, the EC value decreased to 3.18 mS·cm-1, which is still higher than the plants growth’s safety EC value.(5)The mixed substrates used in cutting propagation experimental, the results show that: the best whole effect of attacks of Euphorbia pulcherrima willd, Photinia fraseri and Euonymus nanoides are in fermentation substrate﹕ calcium superphosphate﹕perlite=40﹕1﹕20. Through raising seedlings by sowing, it can be fount that, Camellca oleifera Abel in fermentation substrate﹕calcium superphosphate﹕perlite=30﹕1﹕10 is better, Lupinus polyphyllus lindl in fermentation substrate﹕calcium superphosphate﹕vermiculite=30﹕1﹕10 is better.更多还原