【作者】 李丽伟；

【导师】 杨建堂； 王文亮；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 通过田间试验,研究了怀菊花干物质积累和有效积温的关系及需肥规律。同时,采用三因素三水平正交设计,研究了氮、磷、钾配施对怀菊花产量、品质和部分生理指标的影响。通过分析揭示了怀菊花的生长规律,氮、磷、钾及部分微量元素的吸收规律,氮、磷、钾配施效应及其产生效应的实质,得出了高产、优质、高效的施肥处理组合。主要研究结果如下:1.在供试条件下,菊花移栽至大田后,其植株地上部干物质、叶片干物质及茎干物质随有效积温增加而增长的过程均符合Logistic方程所描述的曲线,增长过程方程分别为:Wt1=220/[1+exp(5.3122-0.0032t)],Wt2=63/[1+exp(4.5474-0.0036t)]和Wt3=105/[1+exp(6.1295-0.0039t)]。2.菊花植株内氮的含量以生根期最高,各生育时期均以叶器官含量最高。生根前吸氮量不多,生根后则急剧增加,阶段吸氮高峰期出现在生根至分枝期。开花期氮主要分布在花、叶器官,其次是茎。在2763.13kg/hm2的产量水平下,每公顷菊花吸氮193.42kg,平均生产1kg干花需吸收氮0.07kg。3.菊花植株内磷的含量以开花期最高,各生育时期均以根器官含量最高。生根前吸磷量不多,生根后则急剧增加,阶段吸磷高峰期出现在现蕾至开花期。开花期磷主要分布在花器官,其次是茎。在2763.13kg/hm2的产量水平下,每公顷菊花吸磷41.86kg,平均生产1kg干花需要吸收磷0.02kg。4.菊花植株内钾的含量以生根期最高,从返青至现蕾期以叶片中钾含量最高,开花期以叶柄中钾的含量最高。生根前吸钾量不多,生根后则急剧增加,阶段吸钾高峰期出现在生根至分枝期。开花期钾主要分布在茎器官,其次是叶片。在2763.13kg/hm2的产量水平下,每公顷菊花吸钾307.89kg,平均生产1kg干花需要吸收钾0.11kg。5.菊花植株内锰、铜的含量以返青期最高,生根前吸锰量不多,生根后则急剧增加,阶段吸锰高峰期出现在生根至分枝期。开花期锰、铜分别主要分布在叶片和茎中,在2763.13kg/hm2的产量水平下,每公顷菊花需要吸收锰和铜的量分别为706.12g、238.08g,平均每生产1kg干花需要吸收锰和铜量分别0.25g、0.09g。6.菊花植株内锌和铁的含量分别以现蕾期和返青最高,生根前吸锌和铁量不多,生根后则急剧增加,阶段吸收锌和铁的高峰期分别出现在生根至分枝期、现蕾至开花期,开花期锌和铁分别主要分布在茎和花中,在2763.13kg/hm2的产量水平下,每公顷菊花需要吸收锌和铁分别为:434.54g、3097.10g,平均每生产1kg干花需要吸收锌和铁分别为:0.16g、1.12g。7.从移栽到生根期,在菊花各器官中以菊花茎中黄酮的含量最高,分枝至现蕾期以菊花叶中黄酮的含量最高。8.在供试范围内,怀菊花花中粗蛋白的含量随着施氮量的增加而提高,但增加的幅度越来越低;花中粗蛋白的含量随着施磷、钾的量增加而提高,但到达一定限度时,即使磷、钾的施用量增加,粗蛋白的含量也不会再提高,相反会降低。9.研究结果还表明,在供试条件下,氮、磷、钾对菊花产量的影响均达到了1%的显著水平,氮、磷、钾不同水平间和各处理组合间多重比较结果表明,在供试条件下,仅就产量来说,以4号处理即N2P1K2为最优。氮、磷、钾配施效应模拟方程为: Y=1823.27+68.6632N+72.2292P+90.3175K-1.1639N2-2.8803P2-2.8841K2获得最高产量的各因素组合的最佳方案为:N=442.50(kg/hm2),P2O5=188.1(kg/hm2),K2O=234.90(kg/hm2)。获得最高利润是氮、五氧化二磷、氧化钾的用量分别为:442.05(kg/hm2),187.65(kg/hm2),234.45(kg/hm2)。更多还原

【Abstract】 A field experiment was conducted on the Chrysanthemum effective temperature of dry matter accumulation and the relationship between law and the need fertilizer. At the same time, by three factors and three-level orthogonal design, research of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on chrysanthemum production, quality and physiological indicators of the impact. By analyzing the Chrysanthemum reveals nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements of the absorption laws and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application of the substance and its effects, that the high-yielding, high-quality, cost-effective combination of treatments. The main findings are as follows:1. Test results show that in the tested conditions, the chrysanthemumu after transplanting to the field, its above-ground biomass plant, leaf and stem biomass material with the effective temperature increases are in line with growth in the process described by the equation Logistic curve, the growth process Equations are: Wt1=220 / [1 + exp (5.3122-0.0032t)]; Wt2=63 / [1 + exp (4.5474-0.0036t)] and Wt3=105 / [1 + exp (6.1295-0.0039t) ].2. The nitrogen content of Chrysanthemum plants are the highest in the root period, the nitrogen content of leaf is the highest in all bearing date. Rooting ago the suction of N is small but after the period it increase sharp. The nitrogen absorption peak stage is from take root to branch. The nitrogen content of flowering period are mainly distributed in the flower, leaf organs, followed by the stem. In 2763.13 kg/hm2 production level, every hectare chrysanthemum absorb nitrogen 193.42 kg, the average production of 1 kg dried flowers need to absorb nitrogen 0.07 kg.3. The phosphorus content of Chrysanthemum plants are the highest in the flowering period, the phosphorus content of radicel is the highest in all bearing date. Rooting ago the suction of phosphorus is small but after the period it increase sharp. The phosphorus absorption peak stage is from show bud to branch. The phosphorus content of flowering period are mainly distributed in the flower, followed by the stem. In 2763.13 kg/hm2 production level, every hectare chrysanthemum absorb phosphorus 41.86 kg, the average production of 1 kg dried flowers need to absorb phosphorus 0.02 kg.4. The potassium content of Chrysanthemum plants are the highest in the take root period, from turning green to squaring period the potassium content of the leaves is the highest, the potassium content of petiole is the highest in the flowering period. Rooting ago the suction of phosphorus is small but after the period it increase sharp. The potassium absorption peak stage is from take root to branch. The potassium content of flowering period are mainly distributed in the stem, followed by the leaf organs. In 2763.13 kg/hm2 production level, every hectare chrysanthemum absorb potassium 307.89 kg, the average production of 1 kg dried flowers need to absorb potassium 0.11 kg.5. The manganese and copper content of Chrysanthemum plants are the highest in the growth period to leaves and roots, the manganese content of leaf is the higher in all bearing date. Rooting ago the suction of manganese and copper is small but after the period it increase sharp. The manganese and copper absorption peak stage is from take root to branch. The manganese and copper content of flowering period are mainly separately distributed in the leaf and stem. In 2763.13 kg/hm2 production level, every hectare chrysanthemum absorb manganese and copper separately are 706.12 g and 238.08 g, the average production of 1 kg dried flowers need to absorb them separately are 0.25 g and 0.09 g.6. The zinc and iron content of Chrysanthemum plants are the highest in the bud period. Rooting ago the suction of zinc and iron is small but after the period it increase sharp. The zinc absorption peak stage is from take root to branch. The iron absorption peak stage is from show bud to branch.The zinc content of flowering periods are mainly distributed in the sterm. The iron content of flowering periods are mainly distributed in the flowers. In 2763.13 kg/hm2 production level, every hectare chrysanthemum absorb zinc and iron separately is 434.54 g and 3097.10 g, the average production of 1 kg dried flowers need to absorb zinc and iron separately are 0.16 g and 1.12 g.7. From transplanting to the period of taking root in various organs of the Chrysanthemum the content of flavonoids of stems is the highest. From branching to presenting bub the content of flavonoids of chrysanthemum leaves is the highest. 8. In the tested range, with the increase of nitrogen increased the crude protein content in chrysanthemum flowers is higher, but the increase rate is more low; applying more phosphorus and potassium the crude protein of chrysanthemum flowers is increase, but at a certain limit, the crude protein content will not improve, on the contrary it will be reduced even if the phosphorus and potassium application rate is increasing.9. The results also show that in the tested conditions, the impact of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the chrysanthemum yield have reached the significant level of 1 percent, the different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and different disposal of multiple compare results shows that in for Test conditions, the 4th disposal that N2P1K2 is optimal. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application of simulation equation is: Y=1823.27+68.6632N+72.2292P+90.3175K-1.1639N2-2.8803P2-2.8841K2At the highest yield for the combination of factors is N=442.50(kg/hm2) ,P2O5=188.1(kg/hm2),K2O=234.90(kg/hm2), the highest profit of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer usage are N=442.05(kg/hm2), P2O5=187.65(kg/hm2), K2O =187.65(kg/hm2).更多还原