【作者】 杨超；

【导师】 刘国顺；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 烟草学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 2006-2007年在皖南地区的主要植烟土壤类型上选取了多个试验点,运用统计分析方法研究了不同土壤生态条件下的土壤理化及土壤微生物特征,及该地区烤后烟叶的致香物质含量和香气质量表现差异,并进一步分析了香气品质特色与土壤生态性状的关系,结果如下:1.不同植烟土壤微生物数量调查研究皖南烟区4种不同植烟土壤类型(新田红壤、文昌石灰土、寒亭水稻黏土、泾县潮土),在根际及非根际土壤中,所测微生物种类都是以细菌、放线菌、真菌为主,占微生物总量的95%以上。在烟叶整个生育时期,根际土壤中微生物总量大于非根际土壤。不同土壤生态环境下,根际及非根际土壤中各类微生物数量及多样性指数各不相同。多种微生物数量与土壤养分含量具有正相关关系。2.不同类型植烟土壤微生物动态变化分析四种土壤的微生物数量在烤烟生长各阶段均表现出差异性,且不同土壤间微生物数量在同一时期也不同,但以旺长期差异最为显著。多种土壤微生物之间呈显著相关关系,对根际不同土壤微生物之间进行多元回归分析可知,多种微生物都受到其他微生物影响,彼此之间存在着协同效应。不同土壤类型在烤烟生长时期的微生物变化规律也许可作为分析烤烟品质特色的一个重要指标。3.皖南植烟土壤类型对根际及非根际微生物的影响运用PCR—DGGE技术对烟草生育中后期的土壤细菌类群进行分析结果表明,土壤根际和非根际微生物的数量均是从烟苗移栽时开始升高,旺长期达到最高峰,生长后期又有下降趋势。土壤微生物总基因组16S rDNA V3区的PCR-DGGE图谱显示,在旺长期土壤微生物各区系差异较大,到生长后期有缩小差异的变化规律,且烟草的生长时期对根际土壤微生物的影响大于非根际土壤微生物。另外,不同土壤微生物在烟草生育期所表现出的相同和特异DGGE条带,及其对烟叶生长发育和品质的具体影响值得进一步深入研究。4.皖南及国内其它产区烟叶与津巴布韦烟叶致香成分差异分析为了探讨皖南和国内其他烤烟种植生态区烟叶的香型及致香物质与津巴布韦烟叶的差异性,分别对皖南及4个主产烟区具有典型香气特征的烤烟香气物质进行了聚类判别分析。结果表明,各地烟叶香气差异贡献物主要是糠醇、2-乙酰呋喃、苯乙醇、巨豆三烯酮D、十六酸甲酯。国内各产区烟叶香气物质组成在两两之间的差异不甚明显,而与津巴布韦进行比较时,所有都存在显著差异。皖南四种土壤类型所产烟叶香气物质与广东及云南较为相似,其中皖南文昌沙壤土所产上部叶与津巴布韦具有很高的相似性。5.皖南烟叶感官贡献香气物筛选研究根据工业感官打分评价,选择对香气品质特色评价较重要的香气质、香气量、焦甜感三个指标作为烟叶香气特色分类的依据。通过多次判别拟合,筛选出特异变量(类与类划分依据),香气质分类特异变量包括氯、糠醛、糠醇、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇、苯甲醇、2-乙酰吡咯芳樟醇、巨豆三烯酮D;香气量分类特异变量包括总糖、氯、糠醇、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、苯甲醇、芳樟醇;焦甜感分类特异变量包括钾、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇、苯甲醇、吲哚、茄酮、巨豆三烯酮B、3-氧代-a-紫罗兰醇。6.烟叶香气主要贡献物与土壤养分关系研究分析表明,土壤全量矿质元素含量对影响烟叶香气的显著程度和作用要大于土壤常规养分,即在某种程度上来说,土壤中除常规养分的其它矿质营养(P、Fe、Al、Ca)及土壤质地(沙性)对该地区香气特色的形成有更加重要的作用,它们有增加多种对烟叶香气有利物质组分的效果。常规成分中的有机质、碱解氮等营养因子并不是对香气品质起决定效应的因素,速效钾和速效磷对香气同时存在正负效应,即会不同程度增加或降低烟叶中有利及无益的物质成分,但都能降低烟叶中吲哚及氯的积累,总的来说正效应略高。更多还原

【Abstract】 A number of experiment sites were selected in the main tobacco-planting regions in southern Anhui province from 2006 to 2007 , to study the soil physical and chemical characteristics , soil microbes, the contents of aroma components ,the expression of flue-cured tobacco aroma,under the different ecological conditions of soil,and further the relationships between the aroma expression characteristics and soil ecological characteristics , the method of statistical analysis were employed . the results were as follows:1. The primary investigation of micro-organisms population in different category tobacco-planting fieldAn experiment was carried out in south of Anhui province to study soil microbe categories and relative numbers of four kinds soil system (bottomland, alluvium, paddy clay and alluvion sand) in tobacco life cycle. The main results are as follows: no matter in rooted or non-rooted soil, the bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes are main categories which gross numbers are more than 95% in all soil microbe mounts. During the flue-cured tobacco life cycle, the non-rooted microbe gross number was less than the rooted’s, moreover the difference of each soil microbe number and variety index are much obvious. By analyzing the soil microbe of these four category soil, primary discussed the relationship between soil nutrient contents and soil microbe numbers, the numbers of most kinds microbe have positive correlation with soil nutrient contents.2. The research on soil microbes dynamics in four type soilTo discuss and analyse the characteristic and transformation rule of microbes in flue-cured tobacco life cycle in four type soil (bottomland、alluvium sand、clay、bottomland sand),the difference of microbes between kinds of soil in four periods have been identified .the result showed that: microbes amounts in four kinds soil are all not only different in each periods,but among four types soil in same periods are also distinct, however, the most significant diversity appears in vigorous-growing periods. most kinds microbes in rhizosphere-soil have significant correlation, linear regression analyse kinds of soil microbes, demonstrated that certain co-operative microbial activities can be exploited, most Soil microbial populations are immersed in a framework of interactions . the microbes dynamics rule in tobacco life cycle of different kinds soil might be as a new index to analyse the reason how tobacco features were shaped.3. Effect of soil type on microbe community composition in rhizosphere and bulk soil of flue-cured.To dicuss the characteristic of microbe community composition in rhizosphere and bulk of flue-cured life cycle in four type soil,the study was carried out in south of Anhui province ,and the technical of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA was adopted after vigorous periods. the result showed that: the total number of bacteria,fungian,dactinomyces of rhizosphere and bulk began to rise at planting and quickly reached it`s peak at vigorous-growing period, but decreased significantly late. PCR was employed to amplify V3 region of 16SrDNA , then the products were subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE).DGGE profile indicated that, difference was observed at vigorous-growing period of four type soil Significant, while became unconspicuous at mature period , all the difference especially obvious in rhizosphere .otherwise, the same and differential bands in DGGE patterns of different soil, might be as a new index for flue-cured growth and quality.4. Studies on the aroma components in tobacco from Wannan and different flue-cured tobacco production regions with ZimbabweFor discuss the aroma components difference between domestic Flue-cured Tobacco Production Regions with Zimbabwe, the multiple discriminant analysis (MDA)method was used for each region aroma type pattern recognition. The result showed that the dominating differentia components were Furfuryl alcohol, 2-Acetylfuran, Phenylethanol, Megastigmatrienone D, Methyl palmitate in areas. The contents of aroma components in domestic each region was not significantly different, however, it is obvious when compared with Zimbabwe`s. The aroma type in Wannan are similar with Guangdong and Yunnan regions even more, in addition ,the aroma type of upper tobacco leaves in Wenchang area has high similarity with Zimbabwe.5. The research on positive aroma components selection in Wannan flue-cured tobacco production regionsAccording to the evaluation made by industry, the index which included the aroma quality, aroma volume, and the luscious characteristics were selected to classify the flue-cured tobacco distinguishing aroma feature because of their important function in aroma behavior appraisal .by means of the multiple discriminant analysis (MDA)method ,the classification foundation was found ,that is the dominating differentia components. the aroma quality classification components included Chlorine, furfural, FA, 6 - methyl -5 - heptene -2 - alcohol, benzyl alcohol, 2 - acetyl pyrrole ,linalool, and Megastigmatrienone D; the aroma volume classification components included total sugar, chlorine, FA, 6 - methyl -5 - heptene -2 - one, benzyl alcohol, linalool; the luscious characteristics classification components included K,6 - methyl-5 - heptene -2– alcohol,benzyl alcohol,indole,solanone,Megastigmatrienone B,3-oxo-α-ionol.6. Research on the relationships between the major contribution components of flue-cured tobacco aroma and soil nutrientThe influence of the mineral elements which impacted on the aroma behavior of flue-cured tobacco are more significant than the conventional soil nutrient, in other words , the elements contents such as P、Fe、Al、Ca in soil and soil type(sandy status ) have more important function in formation local flue-cured tobacco aroma characteristics, their contents and level were positive correlation with the beneficial aroma components of tobacco in some sense. However, the conventional soil nutrient such as organic matter, available N were not so important as the mineral elements in the process of tobacco aroma characteristics formation, further ,the influence of available K and available P are good in parts ,but both of them can reduce the contents of indole and chlorine in flue-cured tobacco.更多还原