【作者】 沈剑波；

【导师】 赵明月； 宫长荣；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 烟草学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以河南、云南、福建、贵州四省的能够代表浓香型、清香型和中间香型的13个典型县(市)6个代表性等级共78个烤烟样品,分别对其常规化学成分、非挥发性有机酸和香味物质的含量做描述统计分析和差异显著性测验,主要研究结论如下:1、对常规化学成分进行描述统计分析,结果表明:河南烤烟总氮、氯、烟碱、总糖、还原糖均在一般优质烟叶要求范围内,而钾,钾氯比平均偏低;糖碱比平均较高;施木克值稍高;云南烤烟总氮、烟碱、施木克值均在一般优质烟叶要求范围内,钾离子、氯离子偏低;总糖、还原糖、糖碱比平均较高;贵州总氮、钾、氯、钾氯比、烟碱均在一般优质烟叶要求范围内;而总糖、还原糖、糖碱比平均偏高;蛋白质含量较低导致施木克值高出很多;福建烤烟总氮、钾、氯、钾氯比、烟碱在一般优质烟叶要求范围内;而总糖、还原糖、施木克值、糖碱比平均偏高。2、对常规化学成分进行差异显著性测验,结果表明:云南、贵州、福建的烤烟在还原糖和总糖方面明显高于河南,且高出了一般认为的优质烟标准上限;钾离子河南显著低于其他三省水平;贵州烤烟以蛋白质和施木克值在四省中是最高的,且超出优质烟叶上限很多;而烟碱、总氮等在河南烤烟与其他三省比较中未表现出极显著的差异。3、对非挥发性有机酸含量做的差异显著性测验结果表明,非挥发性有机酸总量河南比其他三省高,多数差异达到极显著水平,占总量比例最高的苹果酸和对烟质起副作用的柠檬酸也表现出相同规律,且含量均为河南烤烟高于其他三省,另外草酸含量在上中下三个部位中河南烤烟均高于福建,其他均未表现出显著差异。4、对中性香味物质的含量进行的描述统计分析结果表明:河南烤烟的香气物质含量以新植二烯含量最高,其次依次为氧化茄酮、茄酮、3-羟基大马酮、3-氧化紫罗兰醇、巨豆三烯酮D,其余含量均较小;云南烤烟的香气物质含量依次为新植二烯、氧化茄酮、巨豆三烯酮D、巨豆三烯酮B、3-羟基大马酮、茄酮、3-氧化紫罗兰醇,其余含量均较小;云南烤烟的香气物质含量依次为新植二烯、3-羟基大马酮、氧化茄酮、巨豆三烯酮D、巨豆三烯酮B,其余含量均较小。5、对中性香味物质含量进行的差异显著性测验结果表明:河南烤烟与云南相比,类胡萝卜素降解产物方面,大马酮、3-氧化紫罗兰醇、香叶基丙酮、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮及其总量的差异较大,且均为河南低于云南;美拉德反应产物方面,糠醛、糠醇、5-甲基糠醛及其总量的差异较大,其中糠醛和5-甲基糠醛含量河南低于云南,糠醇和美拉德反应产物总量河南高于云南;其余物质除甲氧基苯酚外均未表现出明显差异。河南烤烟与贵州相比,美拉德反应产物方面,差异显著的有糠醇、5-甲基糠醛、乙酰基吡咯、二氢呋喃酮,其中糠醇含量河南高,其余均较贵州低,但美拉德反应产物总量并未表现出显著差异;其余差异明显的物质还有香叶基丙酮、茄酮、苯乙醇和甲氧基苯酚,各大类总量方面也仅有类西柏烷降解产物差异显著,且河南烤烟比贵州高。6、经过对河南和云南、福建、贵州烤烟的差异比较,认为由于南北方烟区生态条件的不同造成了清香型与浓香型烤烟在总糖、还原糖、非挥发性有机酸、类胡萝卜素降解产物和美拉德反应产物等物质含量方面的差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 This essay is based on 6 representative levels of 78 sample of flue-cured tobacco ,namely the enriched flavour、clear flavour and midlle of 13 typical country (city) in Henan、Yunnan、Fujian、Guizhou provinces, and analysis, describe difference typical experiment of its calculation on routine chemical components、nonvolatile organic acid and flavor components, the main research conclusions are as followings:(1) According to routine chemical components, we get the conculsions: in Henan province the quantities of N, Cl, nicotine, total sugar, reducing sugar are within the high quality tobacco leaves, but K, K/Cl is lower than the average; the ratio of sugar to nicotine is higher than average, the Schmuck’s value is a little higher too. In Yunnan province the average of TN、nicotine、Schmuck’s value are all within the high quality tobacco leaves. K,Cl are a little lower, total sugar、reducing sugar、the ratio of sugar to nicotine are higher than the average. In Guizhou province TN、K、Cl、K/Cl、nicotine are within the high quality tobacco leaves, total sugar、reducing sugar、the ratio of sugar to nicotine and the Schmuck’s value is higher than the high quality tobacco leaves. In Fujian province, TN, K, Cl, K/Cl and nicotine are within the high quality tobacco leaves, total sugar, reducing sugar, Schmuck’s value and the ratio of sugar to nicotine are higher.(2) The significant differences in test results of routine chemical constituents showed that: quantities of total sugar, reducing sugar of flue-cured Tobacco in Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian are higher than in Henan, and also higher than the high quality tobacco leaves. K in henan is lower than other three provinces, and Guizhou is the highest one in four provinces in protein and Schmuck’s value,also above the upper limit of the high quality tobacco leaves. And there is great difference in nicotine and TN in henan among other three provinces.(3) The difference test of nonvolatile organic acid shows that the quantity of nonvolatile organic acid in henan is higher than other three provinces, and the difference is remarkable. There is the same disciplinarian in side effect between malic acid and citric acid, the quantity are higher than other three provinces. Quantity of oxalic acid in Henan is higher than Fujian provice, and the others’differences are not clear.(4) Analyzing on quantity of flavor components, the conclusions are as followings:The quantity of neophytadiene is the highest one in flavor components in Henan tobbaco, and then the sequence is oxidized Solanone, Solanone, 3-hydroxyl damascenone, 3- oxidized ionol, megastigmatrienone(D), and others are all lower. The quantity of neophytadiene is the highest one in flavor components in Yunnan tobacco, followed by oxidized Solanone, megastigmatrienone(D), megastigmatrien- one(B), 3-hydroxyldamascenone, Solanone, 3- oxidized ionol , others are lower too.(5) Flavor components content of the significant differences in test results showed that: Henan and Yunnan compared to carotenoids degradation products, the Malaysian-3-of Violet alcohol, acetone-Geranyl, 6-methyl-5-Heptene -2-one more difference between the total, and are lower than in Henan, Yunnan; Maillard reaction products, furfural, FA, 5 - methyl furfural and the total products have larger difference, furfural and 5-methyl furfural in Henan is less than Yunnan, and the contents of FA and Maillard reaction product in Henan are larger than in Yunnan, the remaining material in addition to methicillin-phenol, did not show significant differences. Henan and Guizhou compared Maillard reaction products, there are significant differences in FA, 5 - methyl furfural, acetyl-pyrrole, dihydro furanone, which Furfuralcohol in Henan is higher, and the other is lower than in Guizhou, but the total Maillard reaction product did not show significant differences. Remaining significant differences in the material is also available in geranylacetone, Solanone, phenylethyl alcohol and Methoxyphenol, the major category is also only the total category products degraded by cembrane significantly, and is higher in Henan than in Guizhou.更多还原