【作者】 付莹；

【导师】 张连忠；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 果树学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 该研究于2006年3月～2008年1月在山东农业大学园艺试验站及园艺科学与工程学院实验室进行,以‘吉赛拉5号和18号、Rus-25、大青叶’为砧木的两年生‘红灯’甜樱桃为试材,用CIRAS-I型光合仪测定了不同砧穗组合的光合特性,采用液相色谱法研究了幼树期各种内源激素对不同砧木的嫁接树体生长势的影响情况;以‘灰毛叶樱桃、酸樱桃、吉塞拉5号、18号、大青叶’为试材,研究了五种甜樱桃砧木的抗寒性,测定了一年生枝条在不同低温胁迫下的电解质外渗量和游离脯氨酸含量,采用logistic方程求出了它们的半致死温度,进行了较系统深入的研究。主要研究结果如下:1.不同砧穗组合叶片Pn日变化是典型的中午降低型双峰曲线,净光合速率的大小顺序为:红灯/G18>红灯/G5>红灯/Rus-25>红灯/大青叶,环境因子是影响光合作用的重要因素。光合“午休”现象,除红灯/G5是气孔限制,其他三种砧穗组合非气孔限制是主要调节因素,其原因与叶片的自身特性有关。2.不同砧穗组合净光合速率对光照强度、CO2浓度单一生态因子水平变化的响应均可以用二次方程来描述。光补偿点(LCP)在65-130μmol·m-2·s-1之间,光饱和点(LSP)在770-980μmol·m-2·s-1之间,红灯/G5和红灯/G18对光的利用效率最高,红灯/大青叶次之,红灯/Rus-25最低; CO2补偿点(CCP)在69-112μmol·mol-1之间,CO2饱和点(CSP)在1090-1430μmol·mol-1之间,三种矮化砧砧穗组合对CO2的利用效率高于乔化砧。其中红灯/G18对低CO2浓度的利用率最高,红灯/G5次之,红灯/Rus-25最低。红灯/G18 CCP较低而CSP较高,且羧化效率和CO2饱和时的光合能力均显著较高。红灯/大青叶CO2饱和点最高,能利用较高浓度的CO2。3.四种砧穗组合生长势的大小顺序为:红灯/G18>红灯/G5>红灯/大青叶>红灯/ Rus-25。同一品种不同砧木上嫁接树体叶片内源激素的含量不尽相同,红灯/大青叶GA含量要高于其他三种矮化砧穗组合的含量,GA与节间距的大小呈正相关,各种激素共同作用调节着树体的生长势;IAA/CTK与生长势呈正相关;较高的CTK/GA的比值,可作为预测矮化性的潜在指标。4.电解质外渗量是鉴定抗寒性的重要指标。灰樱的电解质外渗量变化较为平稳,积累的游离脯氨酸含量非常高,抗寒性最强,可用于抗寒性杂交育种;吉赛拉5号和18号变化较为接近,抗寒性好于酸樱,砧木大青叶很不抗寒。脯氨酸含量的高低与抗寒性无必然关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was carried out in Horticultural Experiment Station and Lab of college of horticulture science and engineering, Shandong Agriculture University from March 2006 to January 2008. The photosynthetic characteristics and the influence of various endogenous hormone to the growing trend of‘Hongdeng’with four different rootstocks were respectively studied with the CIRAS-I photosynthetic instrument and the liquid chromatography. The cold resistance of the five different rootstocks were discussed by studying the electrolyte exosmosis and the proline content under the different low temperatures, and LT50 of these rootstocks were identified by Logistic equation. The main results were as follows:1. The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate(Pn) in the leave of different‘Hongdeng/rootstocks’with four rootstocks was a typical‘noon-drop’bimodal curve. The phenomenon was determinately regulated by nonstomatal limit instead of Hongdeng/G5. The Pn was Hongdeng/G18>Hongdeng/G5> Hongdeng/Rus-25>Hongdeng/Da-qingye in order.2. The responsive curves of photosynthesis in the leave of the different‘Hongdeng/rootstocks’to the change of photosynthetic active radiation and CO2 concentration could be described with quadratic equations. The light compensation point(LCP) and the light saturation point (LSP) of‘Hongdeng’with four different rootstocks were respectively 65-130μmol·mol-1and 770-980μmol·mol-1. The Hongdeng/G5 and Hongdeng/G18 had a higher photosynthetic efficiency in the course of light response. The Hong-deng/ Rus-25 was lower. The Hongdeng/Da-qingye was in the end. The CO2 compensation point(CCP) and the CO2 saturation point(CSP) were respectively 69-112μmol·mol-1and 1090-1430μmol·mol-1. The CO2 efficiency of three dwarfing Hongdeng/rootstocks was higher than the arbor rootstock in the course of CO2 response. The Hongdeng/G18 was higher. The Hongdeng/ G5 was in the second. The Hongdeng/ Rus-25 was lower. The CCP of Hongdeng/G18 was lower but higher CSP, and its carboxylation efficiency and maximal Pn was obviously higher than other Hongdeng/rootstocks. The CO2 saturation point of Hongdeng/Da-qingye was higher , so it could use higher concentration of CO2.3. The growing trend order of the four‘Hongdeng/rootstocks’was Hong- deng/G18>Hongdeng/G5>Hongdeng/Da-qingye>Hongdeng/Rus-25. Their endogenous hormone contents in leaves were different. The GA content of the Hongdeng/Daqingye was higher than the three dwarfing Hongdeng/rootstocks, and the GA content was basically consistent with internode distance. The combined action of various endogenous hormone was adjusting the tree body’s growing trend. The ratio IAA/CTK was consistent with the growing trend. The ratio CTK/GA was higher, and it might be as the forecast dwarfing rootstocks latent indicaor.4. The electrolyte exosmosis was a important indicators to identify the cold resistance. The change of electrolyte exosmosis of the grey cherry was steady, and the proline accumulation was higher than other rootstocks. The grey cherry of which the cold resistance was better might be used to cross-breezing. The change of both of Gisela 5 and Gisela 18 were closed, and their cold resistance was better than the sour cherry. The Da-qingye rootstock to low temperature was worst. The proline content was irrelative with the cold resistant ability.更多还原