【作者】 李彩霞；

【导师】 李汝莘；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着设施农业的发展,对温室大棚用小型作业机具的要求也越来越高。目前,我国温室大棚的机械化作业水平还比较低,大多数作业仍依靠传统的手工劳动,强度大、效率低。温室大棚内的松土作业是一项基础性作业,迫切需要小型化、多功能适应保护地作业的农机具代替人力来提高生产效率。针对国内现有大棚耕耘机械存在着体积大、适应性差、价格高等问题,研制了适宜于国内大棚作业的小型电动滚齿式松土机。针对大棚空间狭小的特点,对滚齿式温室电动松土机的配置实行了简化。整机主要由电动机、减速器、滚齿轴和操纵机构等组成。电动机提供动力,通过联轴器与减速器连接。工作部件由滚齿轴组成。传动变速机构采用了减速器、链轮传动,电动机的动力传递给滚齿轴,实现松土机耕作土壤的目的。操作机构包括转向机构和离合器操纵机构,转向机构控制松土机转向;离合器实现工作部件动力的传递与分离。针对温室内松土作业的环境特点和农艺要求,参考旋耕机、滚齿耙和温室电动爪式松土机的技术参数,在保证农艺要求和尽量减小功率消耗的前提下,对传动系统和工作部件进行了优化设计,最后根据选定的有关参数,由经验公式计算出松土机所需的功率,并选择相应的电动机。根据设计过程,绘制了松土机图样。根据滚齿耙的工作原理,分析表明:通过滚齿轴上的钉齿松土,对土壤的切削和破碎效果好,耕后地表平整,无犁底层,减轻了对土壤的压实,土壤容积密度适中。同时以电能作为能源,比燃油经济,降低了作业成本。在温室大棚内使用具有一定的优越性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of facility agriculture, the requirements for miniature working machines used in greenhouse are higher and higher. At present, the working level of mechanization for greenhouse in our country is low; most of the work still basically depends on handwork, which takes intensive labor and has lower efficiency. Loosening soil in greenhouse is a basic work, so it badly needs the miniaturized and multifunctional machines that fit the greenhouse to substitute the manpower in order to improve production efficiency. In view of problems existing in greenhouse tillage machines, such as big size, bad adaptability and high price, the scarifier is designed and made, which is suitable to greenhouse.For the space of greenhouse is small, the scheme of electrodynamic scarifier has been simplified. The whole machine composed of electric motor, speed reducer, hobbing axle and operation system etc. Electric motor supplied power and it was connected with speed reducer through shaft coupling. Working part was composed of hobbing axle. Varying speed institution used speed reducer and rag wheel to drive separately. The power of electric motor was transferred to achieve the aim of loosening soil. Operation system includes steering hardware and clutch operating device. The former controls the direction. The latter meshed or declutched; the power of working parts is transferred or broken.The paper discussed and analyzed the basic parameter of scarifier, which referred to the parameter of rotary cultivator and electrodynamic claw scarifier. The scarifier must satisfy agricultural requirements and reduce power consumption. According to the chosen parameter, the power that scarifier needed was calculated through the empirical equation. According the power, the type of electric motor was confirmed.The design of scarifier was drawn according to contriving process. The analysis indicates that after loosening soil by the nail gear on the rolling gear bearing, the effect of cutting and breaking soil is great, the surface of soil is flat, there is no plough pan, ability of tamping soil is weaken, dimension and density of soil is moderate. Driven by the electric motor, it is more economical than using fuel and reduces the working cost. Using it in greenhouse has some superiority.更多还原