【作者】 汪瑞清；

【导师】 杨国正；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 为了更深入的探讨油菜高产优质栽培的施肥技术,采用混合均匀设计方法,以中油杂11号为试验材料,研究了氮、磷、钾、镁、硫5种肥料用量与油菜的产量、油菜籽蛋白质含量和含油量以及叶片养分含量的关系。土壤中全氮含量为0.217%,土壤速效磷含量13.58mg/kg,土壤速效钾含量105mg/kg,交换性镁含量为91.04mg/kg,有效硫含量18.13mg/kg。结果表明:肥料用量与产量的回归方程显著性水平为0.0487,不同肥料对产量的影响顺序为S（X₅）＞N（X₁）＞K₂O（X₃）＞P₂O₅（X₂）＞MgO（X₄）。交互项X₂X₅对产量的影响达到显著水平,当磷处于低水平,硫处于高水平时,产量较高;当磷肥处在高水平,硫肥处于低水平时,产量也较高;它们都处于中间水平时产量反而较低。以高产为目标的肥料适宜施用量（kg/hm²）分别为N 255.78-259.01,P₂O₅ 129.87-131.50,K₂O 127.51-130.08,MgO 7.40-7.74,S 1.96-2.06。产量构成因素与产量的通径分析结果为单位面积角果数＞角果粒数＞千粒重。5种肥料的用量与蛋白质含量和油菜籽含油量回归方程的显著性水平分别为0.0099,0.0091。不同肥料对蛋白质含量的影响顺序为K₂O（X₃）＞P₂O₅（X₂）＞MgO（X₄）＞N（X₁）＞S（X₅）;对油菜籽含油量的影响顺序为N（X₁）＞K₂O（X₃）＞P₂O₅（X₂）＞MgO（X₄）＞S（X₅）,钾镁的交互项对油菜蛋白质含量的影响显著,氮磷的交互项对含油量的影响显著。钾-镁肥处于低-低水平或者高-高水平时都能够获得较高的蛋白质含量,而氮.磷肥分别处于高.f氐或者低.高的水平时都能够获得较高的含油量。获得含油量≥41%和蛋白质含量≥20%适宜的肥料用量（kg/hm²）为N240.51-245.31,P₂O₅136.78-139.12,K₂O 143.25-146.82,MgO 5.67-6.06,S 2.98-3.11。苗期,油菜TN含量,与N肥用量16DAT（移栽后的天数）极显著负相关,与Mg肥16DAT显著负相关、86DAT极显著正相关;TP含量,与N肥16DAT显著负相关,与P肥16DAT显著正相关;TK含量,与K肥86DAT极显著正相关。花期,油菜TN含量,与N肥137DAT显著正相关,与K肥大体呈负相关,但161DAT极显著正相关;TP含量,与K肥167DAT显著负相关,与Mg肥145DAT显著正相关,与S肥137DAT、167DAT分别为极显著和显著负相关;TK含量,与N肥161DAT显著负相关,与Mg肥161DAT显著正相关。不论是苗期还是花期,全氮和全磷的相关性基本上为正;全磷和全钾的相关性主要为正,不过花期的相关性没有达到显著水平;全氮和全钾的相关性苗期基本为正,花期基本为负。一般认为苗期的后期（72DAT）全氮含量越高,则盛花和终花期的全氮含量也较高。在58DAT时叶片中全钾含量对花期叶片中全钾含量有一定的正影响,而苗期全磷含量与花期全磷含量的相关性不大。油菜NPK含量与油菜产量相关显著,其中花期NPK含量相关性更大。油菜产量,与TN含量137DAT显著正相关、154DAT和161DAT极显著负相关;与TP含量16DAT和154DAT极显著正相关;与TK含量16DAT极显著负相关、137DAT显著正相关。油菜全生育期含P较高、前期含N适中、含K较低、后期含N较低、含K较高,有利于油菜产量的提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 A field experiment was conducted to study the relationship between fertilizer rate and rapeseed（Brassica napus var.Zhongyouza No.11） nutrient content and its seed yield and quality,by using mixed-uniform design.The field soil contained 0.217%of total nitrogen,13.58mg/kg of available phosphorus and 105mg/kg of potassium,and 91.04mg/ kg of exchangeable magnesium and 18.13mg/kg of available sulfur.The results showed:The significance probability of the regression equation between fertilizer rate and seed yield was 0.0487,with the effect sequence on seed yield of the fertilizers was: S（X₅）＞N（X₁）＞K₂O（X₃）＞P₂O₅（X₂）＞MgO（X₄）.The interaction of X₂X₅ affected the yield significantly.The seed yield was higher when either high P with low S or low P with high S,but the yield was lower when P and S application were in middle level.The optimum fertilizers rate（kg/hm²） aimed high yielding were N255.78-259.01,P₂O₅129.87-131.50, K₂O127.51-130.08,MgO7.40-7.74,and S1.96-2.06.Path-analysis of yield and its compo -nents showed the significance of components to yield was pods per unit area＞grains per pod＞1000-grain weight.The significance probability of the regression equation of fertilizer rate and protein and oil content was 0.0099,0.0091 respectively,influencing sequence on protein content was K₂O（X₃）＞P₂O₅（X₂）＞MgO（X₄）＞N（X₁）＞S（X₅）.And with the influencing sequence on oil content was N（X₁）＞K₂O（X₃）＞P₂O₅（X₂）＞MgO（X₄）＞S（X₅）.Protein content was greatly affected by the interaction of K and Mg.Oil content was greatly affected by the interaction of N and P,Higher protein content could be obtained when K and Mg fertilizers were at the low-low level or high-high level.Higher oil content could be obtained when N and P fertilizers were at the high-low level or low-high level.To achieve oil content beyond 41%and protein content beyond 20%,the optimum fertilizer rate （kg/hm²） was,N240.51-245.31,P₂O₅ 136.78-139.12,K₂O143.25-146.82,MgO5.67-6.06, and S 2.98-3.11.At seedling period,TN content was correlated to N fertilizer negatively and extremely significantly at 16DAT（Days After Transplanting）,to Mg fertilizer negatively significantly and positively extremely significantly at 16DAT and 86DAT respectively.TP content was correlated to N fertilizer negatively significantly at 16DAT,to P fertilizer positively significantly also at 16DAT.TK content was correlated to K fertilizer positively extremely significantly at 86DAT.At flowering period,TN content was positively correlated to N fertilizer significantly at 137DAT,but negatively correlated to K fertilizer whereas extremely significantly positive at 161DAT.TP content was negatively related to K fertilizer significantly at 167DAT,positively related to Mg fertilizer significantly at 145DAT,and negatively related to S fertilizer extremely significantly and significantly at 137DAT and 167DAT respectively.TK content was negatively related to N fertilizer significantly at 161DAT,but positively related to Mg fertilizer significantly at 161DAT.The correlation of total N and total P was positive during seedling and flowering,the correlation of total K and total P was positive,but the correlation level didn’t achieve significant during flowering,the correlation of total N and total K was positive in seedling, but it was negative correlation in flowering.It seemed that the higher content of N in the late period of seedling,the higher content of N in the late period of flowering.The content of total K in 58 DAT affected the total K positively during flowering.The total P correlation between seedling and flowering was not prominent.Rapeseed NPK content was related to its yield significantly,in which NPK content at flowering period had a closer relation to yield than that at seedling period.TN was correlated to yield significantly positive at 137DAT,but extremely significantly negative at both 154DAT and 161DAT.TP was correlated to yield extremely significantly positive at both 16DAT and 154DAT.TK was correlated to yield extremely significantly negative at 16DAT,but significantly positive at 137DAT.That higher P content,moderate content of N and lower content of K at early growing period and lower N,higher K content at late growing period would be beneficial to rapeseed yield.更多还原