【作者】 王丽敏；

【导师】 张继琴；

【作者基本信息】 北京航空航天大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2008， 硕士

【副题名】对《水泥花园》的伦理研究

【摘要】 伊恩·麦克尤恩是一位英国二十世纪文学史上著名的小说家。他的第一部长篇小说《水泥花园》因其对恋母﹑弑父﹑乱伦等青少年性心理惊骇世俗的描写自从其诞生以来就不断受到争议。然而这部小说也涉及了如生态失衡﹑精神荒芜﹑家庭伦理以及精神错乱等当代人的生存问题。以钢筋、水泥建筑的摩天大楼是现当代最富有标志性的建筑,所以我们也可以把现代时期称为水泥时代。《水泥花园》通过对一个家庭的描述揭示了许多层面上的伦理问题。本文旨在从环境伦理学及心理学角度探索处于水泥时代的现代人类的伦理道德问题。引言部分主要介绍了作家的生平﹑主要作品﹑《水泥花园》的研究综述以及本文研究的现实意义并简要概括了本文中使用的批评方法—即伦理学。出版于1978年的《水泥花园》以一个特殊家庭为背景讲述了四个孤儿的生存状况从而揭示了现代社会的伦理问题。第二章主要对小说中揭示的生态伦理问题进行研究。生态系统的破坏已经成为当今世界急需解决的问题。本章主要利用生态中心理论从主人公居住的城市荒原﹑无生命的水泥花园﹑封存母亲尸体的水泥以及父亲和母亲死亡的象征意义等方面分析现代社会所存在的生态伦理丧失的问题。现代人打破传统生态伦理并用钢筋、水泥、混凝土把自我与自然隔绝。小说中,父亲和母亲的死亡分别象征着伦理和自然的消亡。如果伦理消失了,自然也就随之消失。第三章主要探讨了这一家庭内的非正常伦理关系以及孩子们由缺少正常伦理概念而引起的心理问题。在这一家庭内,父母和子女之间没有任何亲密关系。姐弟之间的关系也超越了正常家庭伦理范围之外。水泥时代亲情的疏离对家庭中青少年成长中个人身份的建构有着很深的影响。本文主要剖析了这个家庭中男孩子们的恋母情节、杰克的自恋以及杰克和茱丽之间的乱伦心理从而说明当这些孩子成为孤儿且没有任何家庭伦理概念后,他们逐步退化为野蛮状态。第四章主要通过分析这一家庭与外界异化的关系探讨了水泥时代人与人之间的道德伦理关系。主人公家庭游离于社会,与外界联系甚少,政府及其他人对这个家庭的忽视也反映了水泥时代人与人之间相互疏离的关系。结论部分在总结本文研究内容的基础上,指出了本文的研究意义。伊恩·麦克尤恩通过其小说《水泥花园》揭示了由伦理丧失而造成的家庭以及社会问题,从而警示生存于21世纪水泥时代的人们加强对伦理的建构以保证社会的和谐发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ian McEwan is generally acknowledged as a unique and distinctive figure in the history of twentieth-century English Literature. The Cement Garden, his first novel is not only shocking for its authentic description of Oedipus Complex and incestuous love, but is concerned with the survival problems of the contemporary human beings, such as the unbalanced ecological environment, destructed environment, spiritual emptiness, degeneration of family ethics and psychological insanity. The modern world, symbolized by skyscrapers built by steel and cement can be reasonably called the cement times. The Cement Garden reveals many kinds of ethical problems through the description of the daily life of a family, which are the focus of this thesis set from the ethical perspectives.The introductory section includes a brief introduction to Ian McEwan and his main literary achievements. It also provides a summary and literature review of The Cement Garden and the theme and significance of this research. Ian McEwan is one of the most celebrated writers in 20th-century Britain. This thesis explores the ethical problems existing in the modern England through a detailed analysis of his first novel The Cement Garden so as to arouse people’s attention to the building of sound ethics.The second chapter is concerned with the ecoethical problems existing in The Cement Garden. The issue of ecosystem is becoming one of the world’s most emergent problems. The analysis of the waste land, the closed space and boundaries such as the isolated house they live in, the cement garden and the trunk the children bury their mother in, both demonstrates and proves that modern people break the traditional ecoethics to seclude themselves from nature by using cement, steel and concrete. The death of the parents in this novel symbolizes the loss of ethic and nature respectively. The nature dies if the ethics diminishes.The third part focuses on ethical problems concerning the abnormal relationships in the family and the four orphans’psychological problems generated by lacking of family ethics. There is no intimate relationship between parents and children. The relationships between sisters and brothers are also beyond the normal family ethics. The phenomena of the boys’Oedipus Complex, Jack’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Tom’s gender identity disorder, the incestuous love between Jack and Julie show that these children degenerate into barbarism when they become orphans without any concepts of family ethics.The fourth part focuses on the alienated relationships between the family and the other people to show that people in the modern world are egocentric and indifferent to others. This family is seclude from outside and has few connection with others. The government and other people also show neglect to these four orphans also show modern people’s indifference.This paper concludes with a discussion about the severe results caused by the diminishing ethics through the analysis of The Cement Garden. People in the cement times should build healthy ethics so as to restrain this world from degeneration.更多还原