【作者】 税书锦；

【导师】 佟为明；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 电气工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 鼠笼异步电动机由于其结构简单、价格低廉等优点在国民生产中得到广泛的应用。若其发生故障,将影响人们的正常生产和生活,造成经济损失甚至人员伤亡。传统的电机继电保护属于事后保护,虽能保护电机设备不被损坏,但不能预防事故的发生。因此,研究电机故障检测技术,对电机进行状态维修,可以减少维修成本,提高电机运行可靠性,具有重要的意义。本课题以DSP-TMS320F2812和ARM-S3C44B0X双CPU及其外围器件为硬件平台,研制了鼠笼式异步电动机故障检测装置。该装置采用电机电流信号分析(Motor Current Signature Analysis,MCSA)技术,能够在线检测鼠笼异步电动机的定子绕组故障、转子断条、气隙偏心等故障,并能对电动机工作电源质量进行判断,以避免因电源故障的影响而对电机故障造成误判。在研制鼠笼式异步电动机故障检测装置的过程中,首先对鼠笼异步电动机的常见故障的类型、起因和故障特征进行了分析,对故障检测的原理和方法进行了的研究,确定了装置的主要功能。从电机故障检测原理出发,结合数字信号处理技术,对电机故障检测算法和实时参数的测量算法进行了研究。重点研究了转子断条故障的检测算法,针对傅里叶变换分析电机电流信号频谱可能的误差来源如频谱混叠、频率泄露、栅栏现象、电网频率波动、电机负载波动等,提出了相应的改进措施和办法,并通过Matlab软件进行了仿真和验证。在硬件设计上,以DSP+DARAM+ARM为主体结构,并结合其外围器件构成了鼠笼式异步电动机故障检测装置的硬件平台。为了能够对电机故障进行在线检测,采用了MG8钳形电流变换器,以方便地获取待检测电动机的电流信号。考虑到本装置便携式使用的要求,采用了大容量的锂电池供电,并在芯片的选择上,充分考虑了低功耗的要求。在软件设计上,首先设计了液晶菜单显示方案,使装置具有一个良好的人机交互界面;然后根据装置的串口通信功能要求,制定了RS-232串口通信的应用层协议,并设计了串口通信程序。DSP程序采用了模块化编程思想,ARM程序采用了μC/OS-II嵌入式操作系统,根据实现的功能设计了一系列的任务,再分别编程加以实现,各个任务由μC/OS-II内核进行调度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The squirrel-cage asynchronous motor is used widely in the national production, because of its merits such as simple structure, low price, etc. If the motor went wrong, the national production and the people’s normal life would be interrupted, and the economic loss even casualties would happen. Though the traditional relay protection can protect the motor from destruction, it can’t prevent the motor failure from occurring. It has important meaning to do research on the motor fault detection technique and give the motor Condition Maintenance, because it can reduce the cost of maintenance and enhance the motor’s operational reliability.In this paper, a squirrel-cage asynchronous motor fault detection device is designed, which is based on the platform of the dual-CPU of DSP-TMS320F2812 and ARM-S3C44B0X and their peripheral devices. By adopting the Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) technique, the device provides on-line detection for the squirrel-cage asynchronous motor’s faults such as stator winding fault, broken rotor bars, airgap eccentricity etc. The device also can detect the quality of the motor’s power supply so as to avoid misjudging the motor fault because of the power supply fault’s influence.During developing the squirrel-cage asynchronous motor fault detection device, the causation and characteristic of the squirrel-cage asynchronous motor’s stypical fault are analyzed, and the fault detection principle and method are studied. Then, the the device’s function is designed.From the motor fault detection principle and combining the signal processing technique, the motor fault detection algorithm and real time parameters measure algorithm are studied. The fault detection algorithm of broken rotor bars is studied especially. The potential sources of error when using Fourier transform to analyze the motor current spectrum such as spectral aliasing, frequency leaked, fence phenomenon, network frequency fluctuation, load fluctuation are analyzed, and the corresponding improvement of the errors are proposed and proved by the simulation of the Matlab software.The device’s major structure is DSP plus DARAM plus ARM. By combining some peripheral resource, the whole hardware platform is builted. In order to achieve on-line fault detection, the split core type current transformer MG8 is adopted, which can acquire the motor’s current easily. In consideration of the portable application, the device takes large capacity lithium battery as its power supply, and pay attention to the demand of low power dissipation when choosing chips.The menu display scheme of the liquid crystal is designed elaborately so that the device has a friendly man machine interaction. To fit the demand of serial communication of the device, the application layer protocol of RS-232 serial communication is established, and the serial communication software is designed. The DSP’s program adopts the modular programming ideas. The ARM’s program is based on the Embedded Operating System,μC/OS-II; a series of tasks are designed due to the device’s function. The tasks are programmed respectively and scheduled by theμC/OS-II kernel.更多还原