【作者】 付志鹏；

【导师】 刘京；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国民经济的发展,能源问题日益成为国民经济发展中的重大问题。随着采暖空调设备应用日益广泛,建筑能耗占国民经济总能耗的比例越来越大,准确计算围护结构负荷对于建筑设计有着重要的指导作用。对于影响围护结构负荷的外表面对流换热的计算,尤其是影响对流换热最主要的因素对流换热系数的选择,长期以来都采用风洞实验的经验值而很少进行精确的实地测量,在能耗计算中产生了一定的偏差。本文系统的研究了采用萘升华法研究城市建筑外表面对流换热特性的实验方法,对萘升华法的实验原理实验方案,实测方法,进行了分析研究,克服了萘升华法在室外实测过程应用中的难点,得到了一套适合于建筑外表面对流换热研究的萘升华实验方法,通过与涡流相关法结果比较验证了该方法在研究室外对流换热实验的可行性与精确性。在理论验证完成后,采用萘升华法对哈尔滨工业大学教学主楼以及某一学生公寓进行现场实测,分析了气候因素对于对流换热的影响,分别得出了建筑水平外表面以及垂直外表面对流换热系数的新的计算方法。在对流换热系数取做定值与新的计算结果两种情况下,采用能耗与环境评价软件AUSSSM分析广州地区某一建筑对流换热量计算结果的差别,比较空调系统向周围环境的排热量计算结果上的差异,进一步分析对建筑外空间热环境计算结果的影响,得出更符合实际情况的更加准确的数据资料。本文的研究成果可以更加精确的分析建筑外表面的对流换热,对于分析建筑能耗以及室外热环境评估都有着指导作用,可为建筑人员关于空调系统的设计提供更科学的参考数据。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economy, energy problem is becoming more and more important. Building energy exhaust takes bigger proportion in the total energy exhaust with more heating and air condition equipments used, so counting the building heat load exactly takes more important role to buildings’desigh. Outside convective heat transfer counting, especially outside convective heat transfer coefficient which is the most important factor to convective heat transfer, uses the experience value in the wind tunnel experiment, which must brings warp in counting energy exhaust.The paper gives out the experiment method researching outside convective heat transfer characteristic using naphthalene sublimation experiment, sums up the experiment theory, experiment scheme, measurement method and so on. The paper gives out the integrated experiment scheme fit for outdoor actual measurement when it overcomes the difficulties in the outdoor naphthalene sublimation experiment. We validate naphthalene sublimation experiment method’s accuracy by comparing the results of eddy correlation method and naphthalene sublimation experiment. Then we analyze the effect of climate factors to outside convective heat transfer coefficient and get the new calculating formula of vertical surface and horizontal surface based on the outdoor actual measurement on the HIT teaching building’s roof and students’rooming house. The paper does research on convectional heat exchanging characteristic of a building in Guangzhou by using energy exhaust analysis and environment assessment software AUSSSM. It is analyzed that the changing of convectional heat exchanging and effect to the heat environment of heat extraction change of the air condition. The paper analyses the difference and the reason compared with the conditional method, and gives out the dada analysis method fit to the practical situation.The paper gives out the method of analyzing buildings’outside surface convective heat exactly, plays instructional role in buildings’energy exhaust and outside heat environment assessment, and supplies scientific data to air condition system design.更多还原