【作者】 张洪波；

【导师】 董宝训；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 童子军是一种儿童教育组织,童子军教育是通过野外活动的训练方式培养健康、快乐、有用的社会公民的一种教育活动。童子军教育首先由英国人贝登堡倡导创办,以此为发源地,童子军教育在世界各地得到了广泛的传播。我国在1912年文华书院首先引进了童子军教育,南京国民政府建立前,由于缺乏强有力的统一领导,中国童子军运动始终呈无序发展状态。但1927～1937年间,发展迅猛,成就辉煌,进入鼎盛时期,“全国之中小学校连无一不有童子军组织”,甚至在海外也曾有中国童子军服务员活动,产生了很大的影响。究其原因,主要因为1927年南京国民政府建立后,童子军教育由政府全面推广,逐步纳入国家发展轨道。童子军研究最早始于民国时期,曾出版有大量研究著作,但就笔者所掌握的资料来看,对研究南京国民政府成立之后到抗战之前的童子军教育,由于受时代的局限而缺乏深入的剖析,但笔者认为深入剖析南京国民政府童子军教育中对青少年儿童性格、品德、身体诸方面的塑造和对近代合格公民的素质培养,不仅可以较为全面和深刻地揭示童子军教育模式具有的重要历史价值,而且对当今中华民族青少年基础教育的开展及其综合素质的开发有着极为重要的现实意义。有鉴于此,本文就1927～1937南京国民政府时期的童子军教育作了较为详细的论述,详细阐述了南京国民政府及国民党通过广泛密集的童军训练,再结合与之相关的规范、规程、条例等等,密切童军教育与民族、国家和党的意志的关系,从而使之更具有某种工具化色彩,童子军教育在塑造近代中国合格新公民方面发挥着巨大的塑造功能。南京国民政府的童子军教育与训练具有两种意义,一方面,政治灌输当然是南京国民政府时期训练青少年的一个重要取向;另一方面,透过反复不断的过程,来让设定的社会实践成为例行的习惯性行为也同样重要。为了转变中国广大民众的日常生活方式与基本态度,南京国民政府用了广泛而深入的做法,只要详细考察其训练与培养青少年的方式,如童子军教育,就能够在某种程度上进行合理的评价。以内在评估来提供外在行动地基础,这两者的结合乃是儒家伦理的特点,这一点明确表现在《大学》中,之后则由宋明理学加以发展。虽然中国已经迈入共和,但儒家在道德上主张修身的模式,仍继续使修养具有更宽广的涵义,当要训练与培养的道德内容已转变为更关切公民道德,而不再是人际间的义务时,也还是如此。我们考察、研究中国近代童子军教育一个相当重要的意义就在于此。更多还原

【Abstract】 The boy scout is a kind of child to educate organization, the boy scout education is a kind of education activity of the development health, happiness, useful social citizen of the training method which passes an open country activity, is first created by British Robert Raden-Powell, take this as source, the boy scout education got an extensive dissemination in the world-wide locations. Our country at 1912 the Academy of Wenhua ushered in boy scout education first, 1927-1937 year, develop fast fierce, achievement brilliancy, get into vigorous period, "whole country of the primary and junior high school connect neither don’t have the boy scout organization ", even once had Chinese boy scout attendant an activity as well in the overseas, produced very great influence.The boy scout research began from republic at the earliest stage period, once published a great deal of research work, but in regard to the data controled by writer, to research after the Nanjing citizen’s government established arrive fight the invading army a previous boy scout education, lacked a thorough analysis because of being limited by ages, but the writer thought thorough analysis Nanjing citizen government of molded teenager’s child’s personality, moral qualities, body various aspect in the boy scout education, to the character of the modern age qualified citizen development, not only can be more overall and announced to public a boy scout education mode to have deeply of important history value, and educate nowadays to teenager’s child’s foundation of the Chinese nation of open an exhibition and it comprehensive the development of character has extremely important realistic meaning. Have owing to this, this text 1927-1937 Nanjing’s citizen’s government period boy scout education made to discuss more and in detail.Nanjing citizen government of boy scout education and training have two kinds of meanings, on the other hand, political the infusion is certainly a Nankjing citizen the government is period to train the teenager’s an important mindset; On the other hand, through the again and again continuous process, make the social fulfillment of enactment’s becoming routine habitual behavior also important. For the sake of daily life method and basic attitude of change China large people, the Nanjing citizen’s government used extensively but thorough of way of doing, as long as investigate the way of its training and development teenager in detail, if the boy scout educates, can carry on a reasonable evaluation on a certain degree. Evaluate by internality to provide outside ctivity ground foundation, this their combining is a Confucianism the characteristics of the ethics, this is explicit to express in《The University》, after then from Sung reasonable learn to take in to develop. Although China has already exceeded into the republican, Confucianism at lay claim to the mode of moral culture morally, still continue to make the accomplishment have more wide connotation, when want to train with development of the morals contents has already more change in to concern citizen morals, and Be not human relations any more of obligation, is still also such. We investigate, study Chinese modern boy scout to educate an equal and important meaning to lie in this.更多还原