【作者】 赵玉晓；

【导师】 李善评；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 环境工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 我国的稀土资源非常丰富,稀土的应用领域日益广泛。研究表明稀土元素对动物、植物、微生物有着广泛的生物效应,适宜浓度稀土元素具有提高细胞酶活性,促进微生物生长等特性。本文利用稀土元素铈对微生物的生物学作用,将其应用在废水生物处理中,考察其对活性污泥有关性能的影响,研究其对促进好氧颗粒污泥形成和改善好氧颗粒污泥性能的作用,并探讨好氧颗粒污泥技术处理啤酒废水的工艺特性,旨在探索稀土元素在环境保护领域中的作用以及好氧颗粒污泥技术在处理中高浓度工业废水方面的应用前景。本文主要研究内容如下:1.研究轻稀土中应用较为广泛的铈（Ce）元素对活性污泥生长效应、胞外多聚物分泌、微生物相等方面的影响。结果表明低浓度稀土铈可促进活性污泥生长效应,对微生物酶有较强的激活作用,进而刺激微生物生命活动。高浓度稀土铈能够破坏生物酶的结构并使其失活,对微生物的生长具有抑制性和毒性,并对污泥菌胶团结构及原生动物的生长产生一定的破坏作用,对污泥沉降不利。2.在两套结构相同的SBR反应器中,采用模拟废水,按容积负荷和曝气量的不同分三个阶段培养好氧颗粒污泥。在培养过程中向其中一反应器内定期投加Ce³⁺,研究Ce³⁺在好氧颗粒污泥形成过程中的作用。实验发现添加Ce³⁺培养的活性污泥的颗粒化过程明显快于普通活性污泥,尤其是在培养第一阶段,Ce³⁺作用表现最为明显。在该阶段两反应器内污泥的形态、胞外多聚物、疏水性等都有较明显的差距;实验还表明适宜浓度Ce³⁺对污泥生物降解能力产生了一定的促进作用,提高了污泥除磷效率和能力。污泥吸磷释磷实验表明颗粒污泥形成后总聚磷菌主要组成为反硝化聚磷菌,适宜浓度Ce³⁺有利于反硝化聚磷菌的生长与繁殖;Ce³⁺对活性污泥及其颗粒化的影响主要集中于实验初期,随着培养时间的增加及颗粒污泥的形成,Ce³⁺的影响逐渐减弱;与普通方法培养的颗粒污泥相比,含铈颗粒污泥结构密实,菌种种类丰富,菌种体积小,数量多,孔隙距小。3.利用添加Ce³⁺培养的好氧颗粒污泥处理啤酒废水,研究表明其处理效果良好,出水水质可满足《啤酒工业污染物排放标准（GB19821-2005）》表1中啤酒企业排放标准。通过周期反应特性发现大部分COD及NH₄⁺-N在曝气80min后已基本降解,反应周期的剩余时间微生物处于饥饿状态。这种周期性的饥饿可有效促进微生物的的聚集,有助于保持好氧颗粒污泥形态稳定;通过研究改性好氧颗粒污泥处理啤酒废水动力学得出动力学参数为V_max=0.64h^-1,K_S=136.6mg/L,K_d=0.035 d^-1,Y=0.142kgMLVSS/kgCOD。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are abundant rare earth in our country,the field where rare earth can apply to becomes wider along with the technique develops.Rare earth have biological effect on animal,plant and bacteria.Rare earth can enhance the activity of enzyme,increase the amount of microorganism.The major content of this article comprise three parts: The first is effect of rare earth（Ce）on activated sludge,the second is effect of rare earth on formation of aerobic granular sludge,the last is study on treatment of beer wastewater by aerobic granular sludge.The purpose of this article is the prospect of rare earth applying to environment problem and the prospect of aerobic granular sludge treating on treating high strength organic wastewater.The main researches included as follows:1.The effect of rare earth（Ce）on growth kinetic of activated sludge,EPS in activated sludge,and microbial morphology were researched.Result indicated right strength of rare earth（Ce）can improve growth,enhance the activity of enzyme, improve surface of activated sludge,stimulate life of microorganism.But high strength rare earth（Ce）were inhibitory and toxicity.It caused enzyme destroyed, depressed the activity of enzyme,wrecked structure of zoogloea,and it is bad to sludge depositing.2.Effect of rare earth（Ce）on formation of aerobic granular sludge in two same SBR was studied while Ce³⁺was added to one SBR,the nutriment was synthetic wastewater,the process was divided to three periods according air flow rate and volume loading.Result indicated that aerobic granular sludge which Ce³⁺was added formed more early than aerobic granular sludge which was cultivated commonly.In first period the effect of rare earth（Ce）is most conspicuous.The shape of sludge,the amount of EPS,amend the ratio of Protein/Amylose,hydrophobicity of sludge, became more different between the two SBR in first period,right strength of rare earth（Ce）have effects on degradation,improve phosphorus removal ability. Phosphate uptake and release experiment indicated denitrifying phosphate accumulating bacteria was main phosphate accumulating-bacteria in aerobic granular sludge,right strength of Ce³⁺improve the growth of denitrifying phosphate accumulating bacteria.Ce³⁺have effect mainly at early period,the effect was weakening along with granulation and time.aerobic granular sludge cultivated adding Ce³⁺was solider than cultivated commonly,the kinds of microorganism is more,the volume of microorganism is smaller,the distance of interstice is shorter.3.Effect of treatment of beer wastewater by aerobic granular sludge was good, the effluent water can meet table 1 of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for beer industry（GB19821-2005）.the characteristic of operation cycle showed that microorganism is hunger in residual time in one operation cycle,and it helped aerobic granular sludge more compact.The dynamic of improved aerobic granular is studied, while treating beer wastewater.The degradation dynamic parameter is below:V_maxof the aerobic granular is 0.64 h^-1,Ks of the aerobic granular is 136.6 mg/l and 336 mg/l. The growth dynamic parameter is below:Y of the aerobic granular is 0.142 kgMLVSS/kgCOD,K_d of the aerobic granular is 0.035 d^-1.更多还原