【作者】 路锋辉；

【导师】 张瑞林；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2008， 硕士

【副题名】基于体育课程的评价指标构建

【摘要】 随着社会的发展和进步,大学生的健康在高等教育中被越来越重视起来,然而,健康不仅是身体上没有疾病的状态,而是在心理上,社会适应能力上全面的一种完好状态,那么,在高等院校中体育课程则责无旁贷地承担起学生健康发展的重任,体育课程不仅能够促进学生身体上的健康,而且还能促进学生在心理和社会适应能力方面的发展,那么,如何通过体育课程观察、测试、反映,甚至是以体育课程为平台评价学生的社会适应能力?则成为体育研究领域内的重要课题。本文以构建大学生社会适应能力的评价指标体系为研究目的,在总结相关研究成果的基础上,分析综合了有关社会适应能力的概念,即社会适应能力是指个体社会化过程中表现出来的相对稳定的特征总和,其构成要素从不同的角度进行审视会得到不同的结果,从个体适应环境空间角度分离可以分为:环境适应取向、人际适应取向、个体发展取向,其特征是过程性和稳定性。在此基础上,进一步分析社会适应能力的形成发展过程,提出社会适应能力发展的阶段性特征。在分析大学生社会适应能力形成发展之影响因素的基础上,重点分析论证了体育课程促进大学生社会适应能力的原理,并且提出大学生社会适应能力借助于体育课程所塑造的特殊平台可以进行评价的理论分析:个体(大学生)的社会适应能力在具体的时间段内(大学生活学习期间)、在相对稳定的环境(大学校园环境)中选定统一指标,并用同一标准进行衡量是可以进行比对的,而这种个体间的比对就是评价的可行性所在。在此基础上构建了大学生社会适应能力评价指标体系,分析论证了评价指标体系构建的理论基础:哲学、管理学及其他理论基础。并且构建了评价指标体系的评价目的:客观公正的测试、描述大学生社会适应能力的状况;配合体育课程的开展、营造良好的教学环境;完善评价指标体系、同时为体育课程的改革和发展提供信息;促进大学生良好的自我认知能力;激励大学生积极投入体育锻炼,发展终身体育的健康意识。评价原则:全面性原则;可行性原则;教育性原则;发展性原则;针对性原则。分析论证了各级评价指标:环境认知包括社会角色、社会约束、民主意识,环境适应包括信息收集、信息鉴别、应变能力、生存能力,人际适应主要包括人际沟通、互动状态,个体认知主要包括竞争意识、拼搏精神、冒险精神、团队精神、协作意识,个体行为主要包括抗挫折能力、竞争手段、协作行为、自我学习以及现代生活方式选择等,并进一步应用AHP层次分析法确定了评价指标之间的权重分配。为了丰富评价指标体系的完整性,最后,对评价方法作了简单的分析论证,即定性评价和定量评价相结合;绝对评价和相对评价相结合;过程性评价和终结性评价相结合;自我评价和他人评价相结合的评价方法。本文是在前人研究成果的基础上,总结归纳相关研究结论,丰富部分研究内容,以期对大学生社会适应能力评价研究增砖添瓦,对体育课程的发展起到积极的推动的作用,对体育科学的发展贡献绵薄之力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with society’s development and the progress, university student’s health is more and more taken in the higher education, however, the health not only is on the body does not have the disease the condition, but is in the psychology, in society adaptive comprehensive one kind of complete condition, then, the sports curriculum dutifully undertakes the student health development heavy responsibility in the institutions of higher learning, the sports curriculum not only can promote on the student body health, moreover also can promote the student in psychological and the society adaptive aspect development, then, how observes, the test, the reflection through the sports curriculum, even appraises student’s social adaptive ability? These have become in the sports research area the important topic.This article take constructs the university student society adaptive the appraisal target system as the research goal, in the summary correlation research results foundation, the analysis synthesized the related society adaptive concept, namely the society adaptive refers to the relatively stable character is total which in the individual socialization process displays, its integrant part carries on from the different angle carefully examines can obtain the different result, adapts to circumstances or environment the spatial angle separation from the individual to be allowed to divide into: The environment adaptive orientation, the interpersonal adaptive orientation, the individual development orientation, its characteristic is the process and the stability. In this foundation, further analyzes the society adaptive the formation developing process, proposes the society adaptive development gradual characteristic.In analyzes the university student society adaptive to form the development influence factor in the foundation, the key analysis proved the sports curriculum to promote the university student society adaptive principle, and proposed the university student society adaptive with the aid of the special platform which molded to the sports curriculum may carry on the appraisal the theoretical analysis: Individual (university student) society adaptive in specific compartment (university life study period), in the relatively stable environment (university campus environment) center designated the unification target, and carries on with the identical standard the weight is may carry on compares to, but during this kind of individual ratio to is the appraisal feasibility is at.Constructed the university student society adaptive appraisal target system in this foundation, the analysis has proven the rationale which the appraisal target system constructed: Philosophy, management study and other rationales. And has constructed the appraisal target system appraisal goal: The objective fair test, describes the university student society adaptive condition; The coordinate sports curriculum development, builds the good teaching environment; Consummates the appraisal target system, at the same time provides the information for the sports curriculum reform and the development; Promotes the university student good self- cognition ability; Drove the university student positively invests the physical training, development lifelong physical culture health consciousness ,the appraisal principle: Comprehensive principle; Feasible principle; Education principle; Development principle; The pointed principle, the analysis has proven all levels of appraisals target: The environment cognition including the social role, the society restrains, the democracy consciousness, the environment adapts including the collection of information, the information distinction, the strain capacity, the survivability, the interpersonal adaptive mainly includes the interpersonal communication, the interaction condition, the individual cognition mainly includes the competition consciousness, strives for success the spirit, the risk spirit, the team spirit, cooperation consciousness, the individual behavior mainly includes the anti- setback ability, the competition method, the cooperation behavior, the self- study as well as the modern life style choice and so on, and further has determined between the appraisal target weight assignment using the AHP level analytic method. In order to richly appraises the target the integrity, finally, to appraise the method to make the simple analysis proof, namely the qualitative appraisal and the quantitative evaluation unified; absolutely appraises and the relative appraisal unifies; the process appraisal and the end appraisal unify; the self- appraisal and the other people appraise the appraisal method which unifies.This article is in the predecessor research results foundation, summarizes the induction correlation research conclusion, the rich partial research content, increasing the brick by the time to the university student society adaptive appraisal research to add the title, to sports curriculum development positive impetus function, to the sports science strength of development contribution meager strength.更多还原