车用加热器控制器的设计与研究

【作者】 张岳；

【导师】 陆辰；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 动力机械及工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 从上个世纪40年代开始,车用加热器作为汽车冬季取暖的主要设备已经有半个多世纪的历史,它的设计及研究方法随着现代科学的发展有了很大的进步,并且随着近代电子技术的发展及应用,它的控制技术从最初的机械、半自动控制步入了嵌入式微处理器的智能控制,提高了加热器工作的可靠性、稳定性。通过了解加热器的工作原理,为配合新型加热器的设计,开发设计了全新的智能控制器。控制器使用赛普拉斯公司的PSoC片上系统微处理器作为控制核心,该处理器除具有一般MCU所具备的数字处理功能外,PSoC芯片内部还集成了不同数量的模拟模块以及相关的模拟总线、比较总线和模拟缓冲器。用户可以通过有效的配置片内的数字和模拟模块资源,来实现所需的特定功能,节省了系统资源,同时由于PSoC引入了动态可重新配置功能,真正实现了在线可编程,因此PSoC具有强大的柔性及集成能力,省去了单片机系统扩展带来的麻烦,提高了系统的可靠性、稳定性。文中对控制器的硬件和软件设计进行了详细的描述。介绍了系统硬件结构框图,详细描述了各部分电路的工作原理与实现方法,特别是为增强加热器的安全性,设计了故障检测电路。软件的设计采用模块化设计,提高软件的执行效率,通过分时调用不同的功能函数来完成加热器的启动、运行监控及故障诊断,在检测到故障时能够及时做出保护措施,避免加热器和控制器受到损坏。控制器的工作环境是非常恶劣的,会受到外界的干扰,因此在硬件电路和软件设计中都使用了抗干扰技术,如光耦隔离器件的使用、屏蔽地线的设置以及软件中的数字滤波技术、设置陷阱等。加热器的点火是非常重要的一个过程,为缩短点火所需时间以及保证点火的稳定可靠,专门进行了点火试验,总结了汽油和柴油两种不同燃料下的点火过程,优化了软件流程的设计。在保证加热器功率前提下,为提高加热器燃烧的热效率和优化软件参数的设置,进行了加热器的性能试验,为风机、水泵及油泵的控制提供了依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is a long history for automobile heater as the major equipment for car’s warming from 1940s. As the modern science processes, its design and research method has a substantial improvement. Meanwhile, with the development and application of the neoteric electronic technology, its control technique is improved from original mechanical or semi-automatic control to intelligent embedded microprocessor control, which enhanced the reliability and stability of heater. In order to contrive the new style heater, the intelligent controller is designed based on the working principles of the heater.The controller uses Cypress’s PSoC system-on-chip microprocessor as a control core. In addition to the digital processing functions the normal MCU possessed, the PSoC chip also integrates a number of analog blocks, related Analog Bus, Comparator Bus and Analog Buffers. The user can achieve the required specific functions and save the system resources via allocating the on-chip digital and analog blocks resources. Because of the realization of In-System Serial Programming and the usage of dynamic re-allocation function, the PSoC has powerful flexibility and integration capabilities, eliminates the burden of chip microcomputer system expansion, also improves the system reliability and stability.This paper gives a specific description on the hardware and software design of the controller. It introduces the structure of the system hardware and the principles of circuit, especially the fault detection circuit which increase the safety of heater. The modularization design in software advances its efficiency. Through using the different function separately to complete the startup、operation monitoring and fault diagnosis, the protection can be made timely to avoid the damage to the heater and controller when fault detected. As the working environment of controller is bad and subject to the outside interference, the anti-interference technology is adopted in the hardware circuit and software design. Such as the use of optically coupled isolator, the setup of the shielding ground, the digital filtering technology and traps in software as well.The ignition of heater is a very important process, in order to shorten the time required for ignition and to ensure the stable and reliable ignition, the ignition test is implemented, the two different ignition processes under petrol and diesel oil is concluded, in addition, the design of soft flow is optimized. In the premise of guaranteeing the heater power, to increase thermal efficiency of the heater combustion and improve the software parameter settings, the performance test is implemented which also provide the evidence to control the fans, fuel pumps and water pumps.更多还原