【作者】 李少华；

【导师】 资树荣； 欧阳峣；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 世界经济学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放30年,加工贸易在我国蓬勃发展,在我国的对外贸易中占有极其重要的地位,为我国的经济增长与发展做出了巨大贡献。但是,其局限性也日益显现出来。加工贸易是我国参与国际分工的重要贸易方式,由于我国一直处于低附加值国际分工的低端,导致我国加工贸易的结构层次较低,我国所获贸易利益低下。虽然我国的加工贸易结构也在不断优化中,但从本质上说,整体竞争优势仍在低技术劳动密集型产品或生产工序上,主体技术和加工制造档次仍处于低端,存在进一步优化的必要性。要优化我国的加工贸易结构,就需要提升我国在国际分工中的地位。当前国际分工已不再局限于产业间、产品间,而是越来越多的走向同一产品内部,在同一产品分工链不同环节上进行分工。这种新的更为细致深入的国际分工形态,有利于发挥各国在同一产品不同生产工序上的比较优势,提高了全球范围资源配置的效率,促进了技术进步,推动了经济全球化的进程。本文认为,在一定程度上,产品内分工可以促进一国加工贸易结构的优化。基于此,本文选取产品内分工的视角来研究我国加工贸易结构优化问题,能让我们正确认识我国在当代产品工序分工中的地位,找到提升我国产品内分工层次的方向,从根本上找到优化我国加工贸易结构的途径。论文首先在对产品内分工理论分析的基础上,构建模型,站在发展中国家的角度,重点探讨了产品内分工层次的提升对一国贸易福利的动态效应,并找到提升的方向。结论表明,发展中国家越多的参与到资本、技术密集度较高的产品加工中去,能在产品生产环节的分工阶梯中上升,进入更高资本、技术密集的生产环节,并且越能通过进口产品的技术外溢来提高本国的整体技术水平,就越能使该国得到更多的福利。然后在此理论分析的指导下,研究我国加工贸易结构优化问题,系统的提出了我国加工贸易结构优化的三条途径:加工贸易产品的优化;加工贸易产品生产环节上的提升;广义产品内分工链上的升级。最后论文基于产品内分工视角规范分析了我国加工贸易结构优化的影响因素,并提出相关对策建议,从而达到本文以理论指导实践的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the 30 years of reform and opening up, processing trade in China has had a boom development, plays a very important role in our foreign trade and has made great contribution to our economic growth and development. But its limitation emerges day by day. Processing trade is the important trade way of our country’s participation into international division of labor. Our country still be placed in a low position in international division of labor with low added value, which leads to our processing trade’s layer of structure is lowly, so our trade benefit is low. Though, our country’s processing trade structure keeps optimizing, in essence, our whole competitive advantage is still in the low technical labor-intensive products or procedures, and the core technique together with manufacturing level is still low, so it is necessary to upgrade our processing trade structure further.To upgrade the structure of our processing trade needs promote our country’s position in international division of labor. At present, the international division of labor is no longer limited to inter-industry, inter-product, but enters the inside of the same product more and more, and divides the work in different links of the same product division chain. This new detailed form of international division of labor is beneficial for countries to play comparative advantage in different procedures of the same product, which improves resource allocation efficiency on global scale, promotes technical progress, push the process of economic globalization. This essay states that, to some extent, the intra-product specialization can promote the structural upgrading of one country’s processing trade.Based on this, this paper researches the problem of structural upgrading of our country’s processing trade from the intra-product specialization perspective, which can make us correctly understand our position in intra-product specialization, fundamentally find the upgrading direction of intra-product specialization’s layer, and routes along which our processing trade should upgrade.First, this paper sets up a model on the basis of the analysis of the intra-product specialization theory, and from developing country’s angle, puts the focus on the discussion of the change of one country’s trade benefit in the process of the upgrading of intra-product specialization’s layer, and finds out the direction of upgrading. The conclusion indicates that, the more a developing country participates into capital-intensive and technique-intensive products, can climb the ladder of intra-product specialization and enter the higher capital-intensive and technique-intensive procedures, and the more the country can improve its technique through imported products’technique spillover, the more this country will acquire trade benefit. Then under the instruction of theoretical analysis this paper studies the problem of structural upgrading of our processing trade, systemically puts forward three routes, along which our processing trade should upgrade: the upgrading of processing trade products; the advancement of processing trade products in production link; the upgrading of broad-sense intra-product specialization chain. At last, this paper normatively analyzes the factors that influence the structural upgrading of our country’s processing trade from intra-product angle, and proposes the related countermeasures , so as to reach the purpose of the study, that is, the guidance of theory to practice.更多还原