【作者】 孙璐；

【导师】 黄瑞冬；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 2006-2007年在沈阳农业大学试验基地,盆栽条件下选用持绿型高粱品系B35和普通高粱品系三尺三为试验材料,通过对持绿型高粱与普通高粱品系进行比较研究,探索持绿性与高粱植株形态、生理和生化特性间的关系及抗旱机制,为持绿性在高粱抗旱栽培和育种中的应用提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:持绿型高粱品种B35比普通高粱品种三尺三具有更大的自然株高、茎粗、单株叶面积、绿叶数和比叶重。B35的相对绿叶面积前期与三尺三基本持平,后期大于三尺三。B35上部叶片较紧凑,中部叶片较平展,有利于光能的截获和利用,而三尺三上部叶片较平展,下部叶片较紧凑。B35与三尺三相比,具有较多的根数、较长的根长、较大的根体积和较重的根干重,且水分胁迫使B35各形态指标受影响程度均小于三尺三。B35的光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率均大于三尺三。在生育前期,B35的气孔导度大于三尺三,而生育后期则相反。在生育前期和后期,B35的水分利用率均大于三尺三,而开花期是三尺三的水分利用率较大。B35与三尺三相比,干物质分配在整个生育期均是叶片所占比例较大,而籽粒所占的比例相对较小。B35的叶水势除了苗期较高以外,其他生育时期均低于三尺三。正常灌水条件下,B35的根系总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积均低于三尺三,但在遇到水分胁迫时,B35根系活力下降幅度明显小于三尺三。B35的各器官含水量均大于三尺三。水分胁迫对B35光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率、叶水势、根系活力、叶蜡含量和各器官含水量的影响程度均小于三尺三。B35各叶位的叶绿素含量和叶片、茎秆、籽粒含氮量均明显高于三尺三,且受水分胁迫影响程度较小。在水分胁迫条件下,B35叶片的硝酸还原酶活性降低幅度较小,游离脯氨酸含量增加幅度较大,可溶性糖含量增加的幅度较小,电解质和丙二醛外渗量增加幅度较小。B35的SOD和POD活性均大于三尺三,且水分胁迫使B35保护酶活性上升幅度小于三尺三。正常灌水条件下,B35的籽粒产量低于三尺三,但是水分胁迫对三尺三产量的影响明显大于B35。B35的穗长大于三尺三,穗粗、穗重、千粒重和穗粒重均小于三尺三。水分胁迫对B35穗部性状的影响幅度小于三尺三。各穗部性状间,穗重、千粒重和穗粒重存在着极显著的正相关,穗重与千粒重之间的相关也达到极显著水平,而穗长和穗粗之间呈显著的负相关。穗重和千粒重与穗粒重均达到极显著的正偏相关,而穗粗与穗粒重之间达到极显著的负偏相关。通过对穗部性状与穗粒重之间的通径分析可以看出,穗重对穗粒重直接通径系数最大,其次为千粒重,而穗长和穗粗较小。更多还原

【Abstract】 Research on stay green sorghum B35 and common sorghum Sanchisan was conducted under pot-culture condition in Shenyang Agricultural University in 2006-2007. The aim of this study was to seek after the relation between stay green and morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of sorghum, and to provide the academic basis of applying stay green to sorghum cultivation and breeding under drought condition. The results were as below:Compared with the common sorghum line Sanchisan, the stay green sorghum B35 had bigger values in natural plant height, stem diameter, leaf area of per plant, green leaf number and specific leaf weight. The relative green leaf area （GLA） of B35 was the same as Sanchisan at early stage, and bigger at late stage. The top leaves of B35 were compact, and the bottom leaves were expansive, which is in favor of intercept and use the light energy. B35 had more root number, longer root length, bigger root volume and heavier root dry weight than Sanchisan. The influences of water stress on morphological characteristics of B35 were smaller than those of Sanchisan.The chlorophyll content, Photosynthetic rate （Pn）, intercellular CO₂ concentration （Ci） and transpiration rate （Tr） of B35 were higher than Sanchisan. At the early growth stage, the stomatal conductance （Cond） of B35 was bigger than Sanchisan, and the situation was opposite at anthesis. The leaf proportion of B35 was larger than Sanchisan, and the kernel proportion of B35 was smaller than Sanchisan. The leaf water potential of B35 were lower than Sanchisan at the whole growth stages expect seedling stage. Under the condition of normal irrigation, the root total absorbing area and active absorbing area of B35 were lower than Sanchisan. But the falling range of root activity of B35 was obviously smaller than Sanchisan. The water content of B35 was higher than Sanchisan. The influences of water stress on physiological characteristics of B35 were smaller than those of Sanchisan.The nitrogen contents of B35 were obviously higher than Sanchisan, and the influences of water stress were smaller. Under the condition of water stress, the reducing extent of leaf nitrate reductase activity of B35 was smaller than Sanchisan, the increasing extent of leaf praline content of B35 was larger than Sanchisan, the increasing range of leaf soluble sugar content of B35 was smaller than Sanchisan, the increasing range of leaf electrolyte and malondialdehyde content were smaller than Sanchisan. The SOD and POD activity of B35 were bigger than Sanchisan, and the influences of water stress on B35 were smaller than on Sanchisan. Under the condition of normal irrigation, the yield of B35 was lower than Sanchisan, but the influences of water stress on Sanchisan were obviously larger than on B35. The ear length of B35 was bigger than Sanchisan, and the ear diameter, ear weight, 1000-grain weight and kernel weight per ear were all smaller than Sanchisan. The drought influences of B35 were smaller than Sanchisan. There was a significant positive correlation between ear weight, 1000-grain weight and kernel weight per ear, and between ear weight and 1000-grain weight. There was a significant negative correlation between ear length and ear diameter. There was a significant positive partial correlation between ear weight, 1000-grain weight and kernel weight per ear, and a significant negative partial correlation between ear diameter and kernel weight per ear. According to the path analysis, the direct path coefficient from ear weight to kernel weight per ear was the biggest, the 1000-grain to kernel weight per ear took the second place, and the ear length and diameter to kernel weight per ear were small.更多还原