【作者】 李文文；

【导师】 李冠；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 生化与分子生物学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 多倍体育种是获得新品种的重要途径之一。多倍体药用植株由于染色体数目加倍,植物一般具有根、茎、叶巨型化,植株抗逆性强,有效成分含量提高等特点,这正是药材优质、高产育种所期望达到的目标。为提高荒漠肉苁蓉产量,改良其品质,首次对肉苁蓉进行了多倍体诱导的研究。方法:使用0.2%秋水仙素、0.1%琼脂和二甲基亚砜混合液处理植株生长点,分别处理1d,2d,3d。结果:处理3d能得到多倍体植株,多倍体植株与原二倍体植株相比,在形态上,多倍体植株肉质茎变粗,子房体积增大,花粉粒明显变大,花粉染色体数目为n=2x=40,而原二倍体植株的花粉染色体数目为n=x=20。结论:初步证明诱变植株为同源四倍体,用HPLC对肉苁蓉中的松果菊苷进行定量测定,发现诱变株有效成分增加12.7%。同时,为了提高乌拉尔甘草多倍体的诱导效率,增加中草药的种质资源,改良其品质,本实验首次对其进行了多倍体诱导的研究。方法:使用0.2%秋水仙素、0.1%琼脂和二甲基亚砜混合液处理植株生长点,分别处理1d,2d,3d和4d。结果:对乌拉尔甘草处理3d时的诱变率最高,诱变率达到80.39%。多倍体植株与原二倍体植株相比,在形态上,多倍体植株变矮,叶片皱缩,气孔明显变大,茎尖染色体数目为2n=4x=32,而原二倍体植株的甘草染色体数目为2n=2x=16。结论:初步证明诱变植株为同源四倍体。除此之外还研究了四倍体植株叶片的光合速率、气孔导度的日变化的情况。试验发现,四倍体甘草叶片的Pn小于二倍体,与四倍体甘草较二倍体甘草矮小的结果相符合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polyploid breeding is one of the important ways to get new varieties. Because of the double chromosome number, medicinal plants generally have giant roots, stems, leaves, blooms, and fruits, and also have stronger plant resistance, more active ingredients .It is the very aim that people expect to achieve in high-quality and high-yield breeding.In order to promote the production and efficacious components in Cistanche deserticola, to improve its quality, Method: 0.2% Colchicines, 0.1% agar and DMSO solution was used to treat plant growth point of Cistanche deserticola, dealing them 1d, 2d, and 3d respectively. Result: The most effective treatment was 0.2% colchicines for 3 days which could induce polyploidy of C. deserticola. Stem pollen and ovary of increased polyploid plants were more notablely than the wild ones in morphology. The chromosome number of pollen of mutated C. deserticola was n=2x=40, while the chromosome number of wild one was n=x=20. Conclusion: Mutated plants were autotetraploid. We found that echinacosde in the induced plants was 12.7% more than the control by HPLC.Also,for the sake of promoting the inducement rate of polyploidy of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and enriching the herbs were germplasm resources, Method: the apical portion of seedlings was induced by 0.2% colchicines, 0.1% agar and DMSO solution treatment for the first time,and treted 1d, 2d, 3dand 4d respectively. Autotetraploid plants were selected and identified based on morphological, cytological observation. Result: Treatment with 0.2% colchicine for 3d yielded double chromosomes at highest rates and the rate of tetraploid was 80.39%. Compared with the diploid ones, the autotetraploid plants possessed crimple in leaves, the less density of stomatas with larger stomatal and the plants short change remarkably. Cytological observation showed the chromosome number of variant plants was 2n=4x=32, while that of normal diploid plant was 2n=2x=16. Conclusion: The variant plants belonged to tetraploid plants. Apart from this study, we also researched photosynthesis, stomatal conductance of the tetraploid plants and the control ones. It showed that Pn of tetraploid Glycyrrhiza leaves were less than diploid. The result was in line with the fact that tetraploid Glycyrrhizas were short stature than the diploid ones.更多还原