大学毕业生职业初期社会适应实证研究

【作者】 刘娴；

【导师】 丁立平；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 社会学， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】以长沙市为例

【摘要】 在社会主义市场经济不断完善、高等教育逐渐走向大众化、就业体制由“统包分配”转向“自主择业,双向选择”的时代背景下,大学毕业生已经成为一个倍受关注的群体。毕业生由学生角色转换为社会角色,他们认同社会的价值观并融入其中是需要一个过程的,在这过程中,会遇到哪些困难与问题,产生这些问题的原因何在,这是值得人们深思的。本文正是基于这样一种背景下,对长沙市大学毕业生职业初期社会适应展开实证研究。本文以哈贝马斯社会行动理论作为分析框架,将毕业生社会适应分为职业、社会生活和心理三个层面的适应,使用自编社会适应问卷和访谈问卷进行调查,以收集一手数据资料和详实的定性资料,分析毕业生职业初期的社会适应状况,并就调查研究,从个体因素和社会客观因素两方面对适应问题进行原因分析。研究发现:(1)长沙市大学毕业生职业适应状况并不理想;女性毕业生职业适应程度高于男性;预期社会化过程中人力资本的积累、对单位环境的认可与毕业生职业适应呈正相关关系。(2)女性毕业生人际适应程度高于男性毕业生;性格外向的毕业生人际适应程度高;基于城市社会交往的复杂化和毕业生职业初期情感需求,毕业生人际交往呈现内倾性和表层性特征。(3)从个体特征来看,女性和性格外向的毕业生,能够更好的调适自我,较快适应当前的社会环境;毕业生经历了高等教育和高成本付出后,其自我实现需要和社会现实环境之间的差异影响了心理适应度,对社会认同感不高。毕业生职业初期的社会适应经历了从经济生活的立足阶段到社会行为的适应阶段,再到心理上的认同阶段,这个过程是一个逐步递进的过程。在这个过程中,毕业生只有调整自己的心态,正确认知自我和社会现实,对不同阶段的发展进行合理的角色定位,将客观世界、社会世界和主观世界作为统一整体看待,实现交往行为的合理性,这才是他们自我发展的途径所在。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the background of the socialism market economy is continuously perfect, the higher education heads for gradually popularize, the employment system is changed direction "independence choose an industry, double to choice" by"all pack allotment", the graduate has already become a community which is subjected to concern doubly. When the graduate becoming a social role by the student’s role conversion, it needs a process for them to approve the social value and integrate into it. In this process, which difficulties and problems they will meet, and what’s the reason to produce these problems, it’s worthy of people think deeply. This study is exactly according to this kind of background, launch a substantial evidence research to social adaptation of occupation initial stage of the graduate in Changsha City.Based on the social behavior of Jurgen Habermas theory, the problem of social adaptation is divided into three parts, namely, the occupation, social life and mental state. Using from plait social adaptation questionnaire and interview questionnaire to collection data thoroughly, the writer will analysis social adaptation condition of the graduate in occupation initial stage, and throuth the investigation, will analysis the problem of adaptation from both the individual factor and the social objective factor.The research’s results are as follows: First, Occupation adaptation condition of the graduate in Changsha City is not very good; The female adaptation degree of occupation is higher than the male; The backlog of manpower capital in the expectation acculturates process, approve unit environment, graduate presents a just correlation with occupation adaptation. Second, The female adaptation degree of human relations is higher than the male; The graduate of personality extrovert has higher adaptation degree of human relations; According to complication of the city social association and the early emotion need of the graduate, human relations association presents inside and the surface layer characteristic. Third, Sees from the individual characteristic, female and the graduate of personality extrovert, can be better to adjust ego, adapt current social environment quickly; The graduate experienced higher education with high cost pay, its ego realization needs and the difference of social realistic environment influenced. a mental adaptation, the degree of approving feeling to the society is not high.The social adaptation of graduate in occupation initial stage experienced living from the economy of having a foothold stage to society behavior of adaptation stage, again arrive to approve a stage mentally, it is a pass gradually into of process. In this process, the graduate should adjust their own mindset, form a right cognition of ego and society reality, carry on a reasonable role fixed position to the development of different stage, conducting objective world, social world and subjective world as a whole, carrying out the rationality of association behavior, this is the path place that they develop by one’s own.更多还原