【作者】 王丽；

【导师】 冯益华；

【作者基本信息】 山东轻工业学院 ， 机械电子工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 喷砂嘴广泛应用于机械、石油、化工、汽车、船舶和冶金等行业,是进行各种表面强化、表面喷涂、表面清洗、表面改性和喷射切割等机械设备上的关键部件之一,同时也是主要耐磨易损部件。目前在喷砂处理中,陶瓷喷砂嘴应用较为广泛,其主要失效形式为冲蚀磨损。通过研究陶瓷喷砂嘴的冲蚀磨损,为有效地控制和减少冲蚀磨损造成的损耗,提高喷砂嘴的使用寿命具有重要意义。本文从喷砂处理工艺的具体生产实际出发,通过研究磨料的运动方式,根据碰撞定义与分类,确定了磨料碰撞喷砂嘴属于低速碰撞。根据喷枪和喷砂嘴的具体结构,建立了单粒子冲蚀磨损模型,并进行了喷砂嘴材料受力的理论分析,结合材料磨损性能和冲蚀机理等方面的研究,运用有限元分析软件对喷砂嘴内部磨料颗粒的运动进行模拟,通过分析磨料颗粒与喷砂嘴内壁的碰撞行为,进行喷砂嘴应力分析,并充分考察各因素对冲蚀磨损的影响。运用有限元软件作为研究手段,对特定结构和材料的喷砂嘴进行了有限元模拟。并且以SiC磨粒冲蚀B4C陶瓷靶板为例,结合脆性材料的冲蚀特性,验证了此类有限元模型的有效性。研究了冲蚀角对冲蚀磨损率的影响,从系统能量的角度分析模型的的局部应力、能量分布情况,再现了陶瓷材料的冲蚀磨损过程。利用有限元法进行仿真试验,以不同的喷砂嘴材料和磨料为模型,通过修改调整有限元模型和材料参数,考察了多种因素对冲蚀磨损的影响,借助仿真得到的数据,为提高喷砂嘴使用寿命提供指导。本文的创新之处在于:利用有限元法,从磨料碰撞和喷砂嘴应力分析角度研究了喷砂嘴的冲蚀磨损过程,运用仿真数据,计算冲蚀磨损率,研究喷砂嘴材料参数和磨料参数对冲蚀磨损的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sandblasting nozzle is one of the key components on mechanical device, widely applied to machinery, petroleum, chemical industry, automobile, ships and metallurgy, simultaneously is the main wear-resisting vulnerable part. At present in sand blasting processing, the ceramic sandblasting nozzle is widespread applied. The process of erosion may result in material loss and damage. Research on erosion wear of ceramic sandblasting nozzle, is vitality significant to controlling and reducing the erosion wear for enhancing its service life.Based on the sand blasting processing craft, the mode of abrasive particles’motion is researched in this paper. According to classification of collision, low speed is under 250m/s. So it is determined that abrasive particles impacting the nozzles can be examined using the laws of low speed particle collision. According to the blast-gun and the sandblasting nozzle concrete structure, the single particle erosion model is developed. The theoretical analysis to the sandblasting nozzle stress is studied. The FEA software ANSYS is used to analyses erosion process and stress field distribution in the nozzle using erosion theory of brittle materials. Various factor’s influence on the erosion of the nozzle is researched from the perspective of sand blasting to provide the instructions for prolong the service life.The FEA software is used as the research method. The finite element simulation to the specific structure and the material sandblasting nozzle is carried on. The SiC abrasive and B4C ceramics target as the example is studied .If the erosion process can be modeled analytically, in a very generic way, then they can be used to make a parametric study. The current work is focus on developing a computational model for a erosion system. A 3-D finite element model is developed using a commercial package and a transient dynamic analysis performed in order to predict the effects of erosion. By using the resulting simulation data, the erosion process of the nozzle is described in detail with erosion theory of brittle materials. Using suitable failure criteria, the amount of target lost in the erosin system is predicted for various parameters like velocity, angle of attack, size of erodent, etc. The result of this study shows that volume loss for various angles of attack is that of typical brittle erosion. The volume loss has three different ranges with increase in velocity.There are two innovative points in this paper. The erosion process of the nozzle is studied from the perspective of impact and stress field. The other is, using the the 3-D finite element model ,various factor’s influence on the erosion of the nozzle is researched from the perspective of sand blasting to provide the instructions for prolong the service life.更多还原