无线传感器网络覆盖与节点部署问题研究

【作者】 凡志刚；

【导师】 桑楠；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,集成了传感器技术、微电子技术和无线通信技术的无线传感器网络已引起各国政府、研究机构和企业的高度关注,在军事、环境科学、医疗健康和其他商业领域都有着广阔的应用前景。本文主要研究了WSN的覆盖和节点部署问题。覆盖是无线传感器网络研究的基本问题之一。无线传感器网络一般由大量自供电的传感器节点组成,传感器节点一般依靠电池供电。电池电源是有限的,并且传感器节点一旦配置后,由于其工作环境等因素的限制就很难对电池进行充电或更换电池,这就使得无线传感器网络的寿命受到影响,从而不能长时间的使用。覆盖问题不仅能够保证无线传感器网络正常工作,而且还在很大程度上影响着整个网络的能耗、生存时间和服务质量等重要参数。因此,对WSN覆盖问题的研究是十分有意义的。节点部署是传感器网络设计考虑的第一步,是传感器网络正常工作的基础,只有将传感器节点在目标区域部署好,才能进一步进行其它的工作和优化。传感器节点的部署分为随机部署和人工部署,在一些特殊的应用环境中,必须人工部署。本文简要介绍了无线传感器网络的起源和研究背景,对目前国内外无线传感器网络的研究现状进行了分析,阐述了无线传感器网络的相关技术,总结了无线传感器网络的特点。论文介绍了无线传感器网络的几种覆盖模型,总结了无线传感器网络覆盖问题的分类,分析了几个典型算法的基本理论、实现方法和优缺点。然后利用所建立的数学模型,结合图论、概率论和统计学等方面的知识,提出了基于k覆盖度的覆盖控制算法,给出了节点覆盖度的计算公式。在现有算法的基础上,论文提出了一种基于蜂窝网格的传感器节点部署算法,并通过仿真实验证明了蜂窝网格在节点部署上能够最大化监测面积。对传感器网络内外层节点寿命进行了研究,从理论上提出了一种理想分布模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor networks(WSN) which integrates the technology of sensor technology, micro-electro-mechanical systems technology, wireless communications, and digital electronics, has been highly noticed by governments, research institutions and companies. It has been predicted to have a wide range of applications related to national security, military, environment, health care, home and other commercial areas. This thesis focuses on the problems of coverage and sensor deployment in the WSN.Coverage is one of the basic problems of WSN. WSN are composed of a large number of self-powered sensor nodes which are relied on battery power. The network’s life is influenced by the battery capacity and it’s difficult to charge or replace the battery. Coverage can not only ensure the normal work, but also affects the entire energy consumption, survival time and quality of service. So, research on the issue of coverage is very meaningful.Node deployment is the first step in designing sensor networks and the foundation of normal work. Only the sensor nodes are arranged in the target area, other jobs and the optimization can be carried on. The sensor node’s deployment divides into the random deployment and manual deployment. It is necessary to use manual deployment in some special application environments.This thesis first introduces the origin and research background of WSN, analyzes the present situation of domestic and foreign research on WSN, illustrates the relative technologies and summarizes the characteristics of WSN.Next, it introduces several kinds of coverage models and analyzes their basic theories, methods of implementation, advantages and disadvantages. By these analyses, a coverage control algorithm based on k-coverage degree is proposed.Thirdly, it proposes a sensor node deployment algorithm based on honeycomb grid and proves it’s effectiveness through simulation experiment.Finally, it researches the life of inner layer nodes and outer layer nodes and proposes an ideal deployment model.更多还原