【作者】 邓志昌；

【导师】 李金贵；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 临床兽医学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 荔枝草为唇形科雪见草（Salvia plebeia R.Br）的全草,有利尿消肿,清热解毒等功效,在临床上通常用于镇咳、抗菌、抗病毒等,主治扁桃体炎、支气管炎、腹水,肾炎及泌尿系统感染,外用治痔疮肿痛、乳腺炎、阴道炎。荔枝草在中国分布广泛,有很好的市场开发前景。本文采用紫外光谱、红外光谱和X射线衍射法建立了荔枝草的指纹图谱,试验结果表明三种方法均可获得荔枝草的指纹特征,可据此对荔枝草进行鉴定,并可与丹参进行鉴别。荔枝草和丹参同属于鼠李科荔枝草亚属,在进化上属于一支,对丹参水提取物和醇提取物的紫外图谱进行比较,很容易对荔枝草和丹参做出鉴别。荔枝草各部位紫外图谱相似,但不同吸收峰的强度不同,从而反映出荔枝草各部位所含化学成分量的差异。红外图谱结果表明,荔枝草和丹参在化学成分上存在着很明显的差异。荔枝草各部位红外图谱大体相同,但吸收峰的强度不同,反映出荔枝草不同部位间化学成分及量的差异。荔枝草全草有15个吸收峰,在指纹区内有1326.7、1248.6、1035.2、666.8、588.4、534.6、473.1cm^-1七个特征吸收峰,而丹参有1110.6、771.6、606.1、472.0cm^-1四个特征吸收峰。通过对荔枝草不同部位X衍射图谱的比较,可看出荔枝草各部位及全草拓扑学特征基本相近,说明在物质组成上,荔枝草根、茎、叶基本相同,只是存在量上的差异;荔枝草全草和丹参的X衍射图谱存在明显差异,丹参有更多的衍射峰,X衍射图谱可以用于荔枝草与丹参的区别。本文对荔枝草中总黄酮提取方法进行了研究,采用紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量,并考察了该方法的精密性、稳定性、重复性及回收率,结果表明该方法可行,但需在20min内测定。采用六种不同提取方法提取黄酮,水回流,乙醇回流,甲醇回流的提取率分别为1.197%、2.353%、1.631%;水超声、乙醇超声、甲醇超声提取率分别为1.298%、3.07%、1.703%。但考虑到实际应用,选择水回流法进行正交提取试验,获得最佳提取方案:20倍水,回流提取3次,每次3h。荔枝草总黄酮可以显著地消除羟基自由基,具有一定的还原能力,其抗氧化活性有待进一步的研究。荔枝草提取液的抑菌试验结果表明,荔枝草提取液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、嗜水气单胞杆菌均有较好的抑杀作用,本实验还考察了细菌浓度与MIC的关系,结果表明细菌浓度对MIC值有着明显的影响,选择10⁵这一细菌浓度有一定的合理性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Salvia plebeia R.Br was the whole grass of Common Sage, which belonged to Family Labiatae. Salvia plebeia R.Br.had the activity of diuresis,detumescence, heat-clearing and detoxifying. In clinical practice it was ususlly utilized in relieving cough and inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria and virus. Salvia plebeia R.Br was mainly used to treat tonsillitis,bronchitis, ascites ,nephritis and urinary system infection. For external application, it was applicable to medicate hemorrhoids, mastitis and vaginitis.Salvia plebeia R Br, which distributed widely in China, had brilliant market development prospect.The fingerprint of Salvia plebeia R Br was established by the means of UV, FTIR（Fourirer transform infrared spectroscopy） and XRD（x-ray diffraction）. The results indicated that these three spectroscopy methods could be utilized to obtain the fingerprint features of Salvia plebeia R Br, and could be adopted to identify Salvia plebeia R Br and distinguish it from Salvia.Both Salvia plebeia R Br and Salvia belonged to subgenus Salvia plebeia R Br, and they were of the same branch in evolution. By comparing the ultraviolet spectrum of water and alcohol extract of Salvia plebeia R Br and Salvia, it was easy to distinguish Salvia plebeia R Br from salvia. The spectrum of different parts of Salvia plebeia R Br was similar, but the intensity of the absorbance peak was different, indicating that there were different amounts of compontents in roots, stem, and leafs of Salvia plebeia R.Br.The infared spectrums of Salvia plebeia R.Br and Salvia showed that they had significant differences in chemical components. The whole grass of Salvia plebeia R.Br had 15 characteristic absorbance peaks in fingerprint region:1326.7, 1248.6, 1035.2, 666.8, 588.4, 534.6, 473.1cm^-1, while Salvia had four characteristic peaks:1110.6, 771.6, 606.1, 472.0cm^-1. Different parts of Salvia plebeia R Br had similar infared spectrums, but the absorbance intensity were different, reflecting the minimal difference of components in the roots,stem and leaf..Comparing X-ray diffraction spectrum of Salvia plebeia R Br sample and salvia, it can be found that all parts and the whole grass of Salvia plebeia R Br had similar topologic features, indicating that the root,stem and leaf contained similar components. There was significant difference in the X-ray diffraction spectrum of Salvia plebeia R Br whole grass and Salvia,and more characteristic peaks can be detected in Salvia. This showed that X-ray diffraction spectrum could be used to distinguish Salvia plebeia R Br from Salvia.In this paper, the method of extracting flavonoids from Salvia plebeia R Br was studied and the content of flavonoid were determined by UV（ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry）. The precision as well as stability,repeatability and rescovery rate were investigated, and the results indicated that the method of UV was practicable but all determination should be accomplished in 20 minutes. Six methods were utilized to extract flavonoids from Salvia plebeia R Br, and reflux extraction rates of water, ethyl alcohol and methyl were 1.197% 2.353% and 1.631% respectively; The ultrasonic extraction rates of water,ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol were 1.298% 3.07% and 1.703% respectively. But considering the practice that water extraction was of low cost and more favorable for industrial production, so water reflux extraction was chosen for orthogonal.test. The optimal extracion parameters were: Salvia plebeia R Br refluxed in water（20-folds） for 2h,3 times in all.The flavonoid of Salvia plebeia R Br could scavenge hydroxyl radical significantly, and possessed certain reducing power, and its antioxidant activity remained to be studied further.The results of bacteriostatic test indicated that the extract has brilliant inhibiting and killing effects to Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus, Aeromonas hydrophilia and pseudomonas aeruginosa. The relation between bacterial concentration and MIC was also studyed in this experiment, which showed that bacterial concentration had significant influence on MIC, and it was reasonable to select the concentration of 10⁵ to conduct bacteriostatic test.更多还原