【作者】 顾秀平；

【导师】 叶冬青；

【作者基本信息】 安徽医科大学 ， 流行病与卫生统计学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 目的了解安徽省贫困地区女中学生及中学教师艾滋病知识、态度和健康教育需求的情况,并对影响女中学生艾滋病知识知晓率的因素进行分析,为进一步在贫困地区开展艾滋病知识的健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法抽取安徽省某贫困县4所初中和2所高中的女中学生共1492名、教师共250名进行统一的问卷调查。结果(1)该贫困地区女中学生对艾滋病知识了解贫乏,艾滋病基础知识的知晓率低。在艾滋病非感染途径认识上初、高中生的正确率均很低;在艾滋病感染途径的认识上初、高中生总体正确率较高,高中生知晓率高于初中生(P<0.05);该地区女中学生对于艾滋病相关知识了解不深,个别项目知晓率低,高中生比初中生知晓率高(P<0.05)。经单因素分析,女中学生艾滋病基本知识的得分与年级、同学关系、学习成绩、老师支持、父亲外出打工、父亲文化、母亲文化、父亲支持、母亲支持和父母之间关系有关。对上述自变量进行多元逐步Logistic回归分析后,女中学生艾滋病知识得分主要受年级、同学关系和学习成绩三个因素的影响。高中女生艾滋病知识得高分的机会大于初中女生得高分的2.95倍(OR:2.95,P<0.0001);和同学之间关系越差,艾滋病知识得高分的机会就越低(OR:0.79,P=0.0037);学习成绩越差,艾滋病知识得高分的机会也就越低(OR:0.59,P<0.0001)。很多学校尚未开展过艾滋病知识的健康教育,86.93%的人认为有必要在学校开展艾滋病健康教育;大部分女中学生通过电视(57.10%)、书刊报纸(16.76%)获得艾滋病知识,且更愿意让医生(65.95%)和老师(17.09%)为她们讲解艾滋病知识,她们希望在低年级就可以接受到健康教育。(2)该贫困地区中学教师对于艾滋病的一般知识回答正确率为70%以上,但对传播途径问题完全回答的正确率较低;对专业性较强的艾滋病知识其正确率较低,如艾滋病的诊断标准只有20.3%的人回答正确;仅有50.2%的教师关心如何预防艾滋病,67.2%的人担心或非常担心自己会患上艾滋病; 91.3%的人表示愿意到正规医院就诊,仅有少数人会到一些不正规的小诊所就诊。87.2%的人通过电视、报纸杂志获取艾滋病知识,44.8%教师认为其所在的学校开展过健康教育,而另外55.2%的教师表示没有。17.8%的教师不同意在课堂上讲解如何使用避孕套,90.0%的教师认为十分有必要在学校里开展艾滋病健康教育课程。结论该贫困农村地区女中学生及中学教师的艾滋病知识的知晓率均较低,而且他们都渴望获得全面的健康知识,我们应该在基层大力开展艾滋病健康知识教育工作,以学校为阵地,促进教学相长,使学校的老师和同学都能够全面地掌握健康知识,树立正确的自我保护意识和对待艾滋病人的态度。尤其要抓住女中学生世界观、价值观正在形成的好时机,保护其身心健康发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) knowledge, attitudes and influence factors of the middle-school female students and teachers in one of poor counties of Anhui province. Another aim was to analyze the factors influencing the knowing rate of the AIDS, in order to provide science evidence to health education about AIDS-related knowledge in poor areas.Methods 1492 female students and 250 teachers from 4 primary schools and 2 senior high schools in a poor county of Anhui province through a cluster-sampling were assessed by anonymous questionnaires in November 2006.Results (1)The girls in poor areas had known little of the basic knowledge about HIV/AIDS. About AIDS awareness in the HIV non-infected way, junior middle school and senior high school students all got low rates of correct. The girls in junior middle schools and senior high schools had a little higher rate of correct about the understanding of the infective way of HIV than the understanding of non-infected way. Girls in senior high school had better awareness than the girls in junior middle school(P<0.05). The level of AIDS-related knowledge of girls in this area was intermediate. And some items were answered badly. The senior high school girls had better awareness than junior middle school girls(P<0.05).Many girls lacking of the knowledge about HIV/AIDS has not yet formed their own opinions. Analysis about single factors showed that the influence factors of scores of awareness were grades, the relationship with classmates, achievements, teacher’s support, father working outside home, the culture of father, the culture of mother, and support from father, support from mother and the relationship between the parents. Multiple linear Logistic regression analysis showed that factors influencing scores of awareness were grades, the relationship with classmates, and achievements. The opportunity to score of AIDS knowledge of high school girls was higher than junior school girls (OR: 2.95, P<0.0001) ; The girls with poorer relationship with classmates got the lower opportunity score of AIDS knowledge (OR: 0.79, P=0.0037); the girls with poorer academic performance got the lower opportunity score of AIDS knowledge (OR: 0.59, P <0.0001).Many schools have not yet launched the HIV/AIDS Health Education. 86.93% of the girls believe that it is necessary to carry out AIDS health education in schools. Most of them obtain HIV/AIDS knowledge by the way of television (57.10%) and books and newspapers (16.76%). They are willing to allow doctors (65.95%) and teachers (17.09%) to share their knowledge on HIV/AIDS. The general trend is that the girls hope to receive HIV/AIDS Health Education in a lower grade. (2)The rate of correct answers about the general AIDS knowledge of the teachers in this county was more than 70%, but about the question fully answered to route of transmission was lower. The rate of correct answers about a strong professional knowledge of the teachers was low, just 20.3% of them answered the questions about AIDS diagnostic criteria correctly, for example. Only 50.2% of the teachers concerned about how to prevent AIDS, and 67.2% of them were worried or very worried that they would suffer from AIDS. 91. 3% of them said they were willing to go to regular hospitals to examine themselves,only a few people would go to some other irregular small clinics. 87.2% of the teachers obtained AIDS knowledge by watching television or reading newspapers and magazines.44.8% of schools launched health education, while 55.2% of them do not offer health education too.17.8% of the teachers did not agree on teaching how to use condoms in class. There were 90.0% of teachers think that the school AIDS curriculum on health education was very necessary.Conclusion The knowledge of HIV/AIDS awareness of girls and middle-school teachers in poor rural areas is low, and they are eager to obtain comprehensive health knowledge. Related government departments should strengthen the HIV/AIDS health education for them vigorously. We should promote learning and teaching with each other in schools as positions. The health education enable them establish a correct self-protection sense and an appropriate attitude to AIDS patients. In particular, to seize the period of the formation of girls’worldview and values, this is a good opportunity to protect their physical and mental health development.更多还原