【作者】 孟松；

【导师】 夏立秋；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 微生物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 蕌头（Allium chinense），百合科葱属（Allium）植物，作为食物和中草药使用在我国已有悠久的历史，在传统医学上有着多种功效。近年来，西医学者也逐渐认识到了葱属植物的药用作用，对其所含的活性成分及其功能做了一定的研究。然而，目前对葱属植物活性成分的功能研究主要集中在所含的有机硫化物抗癌抑癌方面，其含有的多种活性成分和它们的各种药用功能还亟待研究开发和利用。对多种真菌的抗性实验表明，从蕌头中提取的活性成分对酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）、白色念珠菌（Candida albicans）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger），黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus）、红曲霉（Monascus purpureus）、青霉（Penicillium）、灰黄链霉菌（Strptomyces griscoflavus）都有较强的抑制作用，对酿酒酵母、白色念珠菌、青霉的最低抑菌浓度为0.31％；对黑曲霉、黄曲霉、红曲霉三种霉菌的生长抑制呈浓度依赖性。蕌头的广谱抗真菌作用说明其具有被开发成为抗真菌药物和食品防腐剂的潜力。蕌头活性成分增加白色念珠菌细胞的通透性，使其OD_260nm特征物质泄漏，而Cytox blue荧光染料染色实验说明物质泄露不是由于细胞膜穿孔导致的；蕌头活性成分降低白色念珠菌的细胞活力和抑制以葡萄糖为碳源的培养基酸化，说明其可能影响了细胞的某些代谢途径。用蕌头活性成分处理白色念珠菌后，提取其难皂化脂进行薄层色谱分析，与对照菌相比较，处理菌的角鲨烯含量增加，羊毛甾醇和麦角甾醇含量降低，说明蕌头活性成分抑制了白色念珠菌细胞膜麦角甾醇的早期生物合成。用蕌头活性成分处理，提取白色念珠菌细胞壁β-（1，3）-D-葡聚糖成分进行红外光扫描，发现其“C=0”和“C—H”键震动吸收峰值增加，而糖苷键键震动吸收峰值下降，说明蕌头活性成分破坏了细胞壁的结构；用制备原生质体、超声波粉碎和差速离心等方法提取白色念珠菌的葡聚糖合成酶粗酶，用对照和梯度浓度处理的反应体系实验发现，蕌头活性成分可抑制葡聚糖合成酶的活力，从而干扰白色念珠菌细胞壁的合成，抑制白色念珠菌的生长。上述结果有助于说明蕌头活性成抗白色念珠菌的部分作用机理，表明蕌头具有被开发成理想的天然抗真菌药物的可能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Allium chinense, which used as food and medicine herb long history in China, have many efficacy in Chinese traditional medicine. Presently, Westem medicine was cognizant of the efficacy of Allium plants gradually and had taken many investigations on it. However, those investigations more focus in anti-tumour activity of the organicsulfide which contained in Allium plants. Variety bioactive components and their function expect to study and empolder.The multiplication of yeast and mildew, such as Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Monascus purpureus, Penicillium and Strptomyces griscoflavus, were inhibited by the bioactive components which isolated from Allium chinense. The minimum inhibit concentration(MIC) on Saccharomyces. Cerevisiae, Candida albicans and Penicillium was 0.31%(v/v). The multiplication of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Monascus purpureus were inhibited in dose-dependent. The result demonstrated that Allium chinense have broad-spectrum antifungal function and possessed potential used as antifungal medicament and food aseptic.The leakage of 260nm absorbing materials was increased in a dose-dependent manner after C.albicans treated by the bioactive components. But it had not form pore on plasmalemma. The bioactive components inhibited glucose-induced acidification of the medium and increased Methylene Blue staining. It is possible some metabolic pathway of C.albicans were inhibited by the bioactive components.After C.albicans treated by the bioactive components, the content of lanosterol and ergosterol reduced, but squalene increased, analysising by the method of thin-layer chromatography(TLC). The bioactive components may inhibit the early biosynthesis of ergosterol in C.albicans.The structure ofβ-(1,3)-D-glucan, which is a main composition of C.albicans cell wall, was changed after treated by the bioactive components, analyzing by FT-Infrared spectrometer. The activity of glucan synthase was inhibited by by the bioactive components in vitro. The result demonstrated that the bioactive components changed the structure ofβ-(1,3)-D-glucan through inhibited the activity of glucan synthase.All the result showed part of mechanism of bioactive components on anti-candida. Allium chinense possessed potential used as antifungal medicament.更多还原