聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯包覆材料及包覆工艺研究

【作者】 鞠昌迅；

【导师】 王新龙；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要研究一种火药包覆材料——聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯。通过对隔离层的选择、改性，包覆材料的阻燃性能的研究，成功的制备出了性能优良的火药包覆材料。对隔离层进行了广泛的选择，发现列克纳作为隔离层固化效果好，能够抵挡甲基丙烯酸丁酯等对火药的溶胀，具有良好的隔离效果。采用超细氢氧化铝（ATH）增强隔离层的抗迁移性和与火药的相容性。为提高超细ATH与隔离层的相容性，采用KH550和KH570对其进行改性。实验证明用质量分数为1％（占超细ATH的质量分数）的KH550改性后的超细ATH沉降速度慢，表观黏度小，改性效果最好。当改性后的超细ATH的添加量为10％时，对隔离层的耐烧蚀性影响较小，相容性提高较大，达到A级。采用磷酸三甲苯酯（TCP）改善包覆材料的阻燃性能，添加量为10％，包覆材料的阻燃性较好，氧指数达到20．9，500℃成炭量最高（10．5％），并对其阻燃机理进行了分析。重点研究了TCP和氧化物（ZrO₂、Fe₂O₃和B₂O₃）的协效体系对包覆材料性能的影响，并对协效体系的阻燃机理和成炭性进行了分析。实验发现，TCP／ZrO₂协效体系的最佳添加量为10％，配比为7：3，材料的氧指数达到24．6，500℃成炭量为14．7％，表面成炭形貌较好；TCP／Fe₂O₃协效体系的最佳添加量为15％，配比为9：1，材料的氧指数达到24．8，500℃成炭量为13．4％，表面成炭形貌较好；TCP／B₂O₃协效体系的最佳添加量为10％，配比为5：5，500℃成炭量为11．7％，表面成炭形貌较好。最后，对火药的包覆工艺进行了初步的探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 A kind of inhibitor layer - PBMA was studied in this work. After a series of improvement on the isolation, flame retardant system and inhibitor process, it had been successfully applied to propellant.Kinds of materials have been used as isolation. Polyisocyanate JQ-1 was found to be the best choice. It could protect the propellant from rupturing, and had the best isolation effection, also a good drying effection. Ultrafine aluminum hydroxide （ATH） had been used to improve the antimigration of NG and compatibility. Two kinds of silane coupling agents were used to modify the surface-property of ATH to improve its compatibility, and KH-550 was proved to be better. The best dosage of coupling agent is 1% . Modified ATH had a slow settlement velocity and small apparent viscosity, and also its compatibility could reach A level.Tricresylphosphate（TCP） was used to imrove the flame retardant（FR） property of inhibitor material. When the dosage of TCP was 10%, inhibitor material had a better FR property, and its LOI could reach 20.9 and the weight of carborn in 500°C is higher （10.5%） and the mechanism of FR had been analyzed.The synergic effection of TCP and oxide （ZrO₂, Fe₂O₃ and B₂O₃） was an emphasis in this work. The FR mechanism and carbon residue after burning were studied by Oxygen index （OI） test, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, raman spectrum analysis and infrared spectrometry （FT-IR） analysis. The best dosage of TCP/ZrO₂ synergic system was found to be 10% and its ratio was 7:3. The OI of this system is 24.6, and its weight of carbon in 500°C is 14.7%. The best dosage and ratio of TCP/Fe₂O₃ was respectively 15% and 9:1 respectively, and its OI was 24.8, weight of carbon residure in 500℃was 13.4%. The best dosage and ratio of TCP /B₂O₃ were 10% and 5:5 respectively, and its weight of carbon in 500℃was 11.7%, and also the profile of the carbon residure in this system is good.Finally, a preliminary exploration on inhibitor process of propellant was conducted in this work.更多还原