【作者】 单宁；

【导师】 潘理黎； 吕伯昇；

【作者基本信息】 浙江工业大学 ， 环境工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 厕所与人的日常生活息息相关,在人们的日常生活中不可或缺。20世纪六七十年代才开始在欧美流行的水冲式厕所被誉为20世纪对人类影响最大的10项发明之一,对改善人类生活环境曾起到了重要的作用,但到了21世纪的今天,水冲厕所却已成为浪费和污染水资源的一个主要根源。当今社会提倡可持续发展的理念,“厕所革命”势在必行,许多环保型生态厕所因此应运而生。本课题研制和开发的生态厕所是一种新型的免水生物降解型生态厕所。它的核心是一个生物反应器,内部填充承载微生物的生物填料,并辅以一定的动力搅拌,通过微生物的好氧降解可将人粪尿降解为水和二氧化碳。与传统水冲厕所相比,它既不浪费水资源,也不需要复杂的上下水系统,并能够达到“三零”、“三化”之目的。本研究首先从试运行的生态厕所的生物填料以及施用有机肥农田的土壤中分离筛选得到了6株降解菌,各菌种在实验条件下,对人体排泄物的降解效果良好,除臭除味,全部菌种复合培养处理的COD降解率达到59%,表明筛选得到的降解菌种性能良好。在自主分离筛选得到了复合高效降解菌种的基础上,对与其相匹配的生物反应器的优化设计进行了研究,确定了30人次生态厕所的最佳运行温度以及填料负荷。通过建立的动态供氧的理论模型,求解出理论供氧方程为C=299.9-159.9e^-3.07t,理论耗氧方程为C=299.9-19.9t。这对该生态厕所的设计、生产和使用提供了理论依据。在得到了降解菌种和与之相匹配的生物反应器后,建立了30人次免水生物降解型生态厕所的中试装置,在实际运行条件下,研究了总氮、总磷、灰分以及COD等指标的变化情况。结果表明该免水生物降解型生态厕所对人粪尿具有良好的降解能力,并能达到完全免水和“三零”、“三化”之目的,是一种新型的生态厕所。该产品已在千岛湖、舟山等旅游景区广泛应用,为保护当地生态环境发挥了重要的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Toilet plays a very important part in people’s daily life. But the toilet once improved human habitation, has been considered a great root of water wasting and pollution. Nowdays, under the principle of continuable development, it is necessary to carry on the revolution of the toilet. Many environmental protection toilet emerged with the tide of the times.The toilet we studied is a kind of ecological non-water toilet using biodegradation. Its core is a bioreactor which is filled with sawdust as matrix. The principle of this toilet is using fermentation of demand oxygen microorganism to convert human excrements to water, carbon dioxide. Compared with traditional toilet, this toilet neither wastes water resources, nor needs the sewerage system. Moreover, it is also expected to achieve the target of non-water, "zero pollution, zero infection, zero emission" and "quantitative reduction, innocuity, resource utilization".The separation of human excrements degradation bacteria from the bacteria media in the ecological non-water toilet and the soil of the organic fertilizer farmland were done firstly. The bacteria screened under the condition of the experiment had good efficiency in degrading human excrements, without scentless, the degradation rate of COD reached 59%. The results indicated that the bacteria is efficient.the optimum design of ecological non-water toilet matching the complex biodegradation bacteria which has been isolated and screened was studied. The optimum temperature , and media quantity of 30 person - times ecological non-water toilet were determined by test. On the basis of experiment, the paper sets up a theoretical dynamic model of oxygen supply, and gains theoretical equation: C=299.9-159.9e^-3.07t. On the assumption that oxygen consumption is even at short interval, the paper sets up theoretical equation: C=299.9-19.9t. The result offers the theoretical basis of design, production and use about this kind of ecological non-water toilet.After the anterior experiment, the ecological non-water toilet of 30 person-times using self-execution bacteria was established for the change situation of TP, TN, ash contents, COD etc. The results show that the ecological non-water toilet has a good degradation efficiency for treating human excrements, and it could reach the target of non-water, "zero pollution, zero infection, zero emission" and "quantitative reduction, innocuity, resource utilization". The ecological non-water toilet which we empolder has been applied widely in many tour sights, sunch as Qian dao Lake, Zhou shan and so on, and it also has significant effect on protecting the local ecological environment.更多还原