【作者】 魏乐霞；

【导师】 高向东；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 长江三角洲作为中国重要的一个经济区域,更是人们关注的焦点,本文便是以“长三角”的人口结构与空间布局为研究对象,结合了本地区的产业布局进行了研究,并提出了相应的优化对策。首先,本文把关于长三角地区城市发展的一些理论和一些学者对于本地区人口发展方面的研究成果作了初步的梳理。其次,通过利用统计软件、地理信息系统等分析技术对近年来该地区相关年份统计年鉴中的人口统计数据和2000年人口普查数据进行分析处理,对本地区的人口数量与布局结构以及产业结构作了深入的探讨。再次,在对长三角地区的人口和产业布局分析的基础上,结合世界城市群发展对本地区的启示,提出长三角地区人口发展中面临的问题以及促进本地区人口布局和产业布局优化的对策建议。本文在全面分析后,得出长三角地区人口结构和布局方面的特征主要有:1人口总量稳定增长,人口再生产类型转变。其人口增长速度要高于全国水平,主要原因是外来人口的增长。人口自然增长呈现“三低”状态,但不均衡。这主要表现在:低生育水平继续保持稳定;人口增长方式转变率先完成;城市之间人口自然变动差别较大。2人口负担轻,性别比不协调。整个长三角地区虽然老龄化程度高,但是由于少年儿童所占比重较低,所以劳动年龄人口比例高于全国平均水平,人口总抚养比低,从总体上看劳动力富足,但是分年龄组性别比不均衡。3人口素质和城市化水平高。人口整体受教育水平较高,但是仍然不能满足目前产业升级和优化的需求,迫切需要高层次人才加盟本地区发展。城镇化水平显著高于全国,城镇化的高速发展,对城市管理和城市基础设施建设提出了更高的要求,使城镇建设面临着新的挑战。4长三角地区人口分布特征主要表现在:城市人口规模大,本地区集中了20个人口在400万以上的超大城市;人口沿交通干线和水体(太湖)集中分布特征明显;具有广阔的发展腹地,主要表现在各地区人口增长并不均衡,人口增长区集中于本区域内的中心城市,部分大城市人口凝聚力不高(例如:徐州市、南通市等)。从整个长三角地区的产业空间布局来看,主要呈现出如下几个特点:产业结构不断优化,“三二一”模式初露端倪;产业集群日趋国际化,大批的国际化产业集群涌现;产业发展环境日益改善;重复建设和无序竞争仍然存在。在人口和产业布局方面,一方面本地区人口年龄结构严重老化而产业的发展又需要更多的高层次劳动力人口;另一方面,人口的从业分布和产业布局之间也存在着一定程度的偏离;再次,中心城市(上海市为例)人口规模膨胀,而大量外来人口却仍然源源不断的流入中心城市。针对人口和产业的协调发展,提出以下对策:产业市场化、合理化分工,突出自身优势;营造良好的创业和生活环境,吸引并留住目标人才;打破政策壁垒,形成通畅的交流环境;推进交通一体化,促进各要素流通等。以产业布局的合理再分布来引导人口合理分布,是促进未来人口产业空间布局和人口协调发展的重点。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the fast development of science and technology during these years, the social science has being our focus too. The society, economic and even culture are affected by the population distribution and structure of the area. So population is getting more and more eyes of the social scientists. Yangtze River Delta is one of the most important economic areas in China and is the focus of many social scientists too. There are 4049 papers about "Yangtze River Delta" in China in all from the year 2000 to 2008.It tells us that many scientists have focused on it. This paper supplies a study about the distribution and structure of population and industry of this area. And it gives some advice about the development of population and industry. Following are the structure of the paper.Firstly, some theories about city development and some of the study about population development of this area are introduced. Then, the data about population and industry is analyzed with some software such as Mapinfo and Micro office software. Furthermore there is some discussion on it. Furthermore, some problems and advice are brought forward according to the analysis and the experience of development of other big Megalopolis in the world.After the whole analysis, some conclusions are advanced: 1. the population is growing much faster than the whole country due to the ingoing from other areas growing much bigger. The increasing pattern has changed. The birth rate, mortality rate and natural increasing rate are all low, but there is much difference between different cities. 2. Low proportion of children and high proportion of elderly population is going on and the proportion of population at the labor age is higher than the average of the whole country. Generally speaking, labor force is adequate with an uncoordinated gender ratio. 3. The level of education and urbanization are both higher than that of the average of the country but the fast development of industry need a more reasonable structure of population. The rapid development of urbanization needs better urban management and urban infrastructures so that the urban management is facing new challenges. 4. The areas which attract more people are those which nearby the traffic line and around the big lake—Taihu. The immigration population can not match with the scale of the city that means some big cities are losing population rather than attract. On the whole, the industrial distribution of Yangtze River Delta region is getting better and better. The tertiary sector has become the most important part of the whole industry with the secondary industry following. The government is providing better development environment and policies. Although there are still some redundant construction and disorderly competition..更多还原