【作者】 张履冰；

【导师】 徐宏发；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 生态学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 自2006年3月至2007年9月,在陕西风县收集野生林麝的新鲜粪便,基于传统显微结构分析法,辅以现代计算机应用软件,将粪样中的植物表皮碎片与当地植物的表皮细胞样本进行对比,通过统计每种植物出现的频次确定其食性。分析结果显示,林麝全年取食植物38科88种,每个季节的大宗食物都不尽相同,但取食对象主要集中于槭树科(Aceraceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、虎耳草科(Saxifragaceae)。壳斗科(Fagaceae)、唇形科(Labiatae)、桑科(Moraceae)以及椴树科(Tiliaceae)的一些植物在特定季节取食量也比较大。从各种植物相对食物总量的密度来看,木本植物所占比例最高,蕨类最低;同时,不同类型植物在食物中的比例也存在季节性变化。夏季草本植物比例达到峰值37.31%而冬季降至最低13.98%;木本植物则与之相反,比例最高时可达78.51%,夏季最低时为57.08%。苔藓和蕨类植物全年取食量都不大,但前者从春到冬比例逐渐上升,后者反之。本研究还证明,林麝虽属于嫩食者,但也会取食禾草类植物,且取食量从春季的3.53%上升至冬季的9.06%。此外,统计分析的结果表明:林麝分布区域的优势植物与其主要食物之间并没有必然联系。栖息地的破碎化和丧失是目前野生林麝种群面临的巨大问题。建议制定生态恢复计划时将食性因素纳入考虑范围,必要时采用间伐、种植或消灭杂草竞争的方式促进林麝喜食植物的增长再生。饲喂圈养林麝,应该注意提高其对植物性蛋白的摄入,并适当提高食物中粗纤维的含量,从营养和吸收的角度改善泌香质量不高的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 From 2006.3 to 2007.9, fresh droppings of musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) were collected in the Feng County, Shanxi Province. On the basis of classic micro histological analysis, epidermis fragments in feces were compared with local plant epidermis samples assisted by modern soft wares. Through the statistical results of the frequency of each species, musk deer’s diet composition can be identified.During the year, there are 88 species belonging to 38 families found in the fecal composition. Although the main food in each season is different, musk deer likes to concentrate on Aceraceae, Rosaceae and Saxifragaceae. Fagacea, Labiatae, Moraceae and Tiliaceae are also chosen in a certain season. Evidence based on the relative density of each species shows that diet composition varied seasonally, with highest proportions of woody plant leaves and lowest of ferns. In the summer, forbs reach the peak of 37.31% then decline to the minimum 13.98% in winter; conversely, woody plants have its maximum of 78.51% and minimum of 57.08% in summer. Mosses and ferns do not take a considerable part of diet composition, while the former increases from spring to winter but the later decreases. In spite of a concentrate feeder itself, musk deer chooses grasses sometimes, and the relative density of grasses increase from 3.53% in spring to 9.06% in winter. On the other hand, it is proved that no necessary connection between local dominant plants and main food of musk deer.Fragmentation of habitats is a serious problem faced by musk deer population. Food habits factors are suggested to be considered when a restoration and recovery program is made. Regeneration of local plants selected by musk deer is a reasonable choice. Proportion of botanic protein and cellulose should be enhanced in feedstuff of bred musk deer, which may improve the problem of low muskiness quality.更多还原