【作者】 张丽；

【导师】 张文昌； 庄益芬；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 开发利用青绿饲料是缓解我国人畜争粮矛盾、保证畜牧业持续发展的一条有效途径。一般来说青绿饲料直接青贮可能造成营养物质的损失,甚至腐败变质。为了充分利用南方的青绿饲草资源,提高其饲用价值,本试验选用象草和水葫芦作为青贮原料,研究其添加剂青贮的效果。试验一在3个不同含水率水平68.3%、70.0%和79.9%的象草(象草3、2和1)中加入不同添加剂调制青贮料,评定其发酵品质和化学成分。每个含水率水平的象草青贮中均设对照(CON)、0.1%绿汁发酵液(PFJ-1)、0.2%绿汁发酵液(PFJ-2)、0.00005%纤维素酶(CEL-1)、0.0001%纤维素酶(CEL-2)、0.1%绿汁发酵液+0.00005%纤维素酶(MIX-1)和0.2%绿汁发酵液+0.0001%纤维素酶(MIX-2)7个处理。结果表明:(1)与CON组相比,在三种不同含水率象草青贮中,PFJ显著降低了pH值、氨态氮含量(P＜0.01),提高了干物质回收率和粗蛋白含量(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);MIX显著降低了象草1和象草3青贮的pH值和氨态氮含量、象草2青贮的pH值、象草3青贮的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),提高了象草1和象草2青贮的可溶性碳水化合物和粗蛋白含量、象草1和象草3青贮的干物质回收率和粗蛋白含量(P＜0.01);CEL极显著降低了象草1青贮的氨态氮含量(P＜0.01),提高了象草1青贮的可溶性碳水化合物含量(P＜0.01)。(2)CON、PFJ和MIX组中,与象草1青贮相比,象草2、象草3青贮的pH值和氨态氮含量(PFJ组的象草3青贮除外)明显降低(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),干物质回收率明显升高(P＜0.01);CON与MIX组的象草2和象草3青贮明显提高了可溶性碳水化合物含量(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);PFJ-1、CEL-1与MIX组的象草2和象草3青贮粗蛋白含量明显增加(P＜0.01,P＜0.05)。因此,在降低原料含水率的同时添加绿汁发酵液可调制优质象草青贮。试验二在两种含水率(高含水率—70.6%,低含水率—39.6%)水葫芦中,分别加入绿汁发酵液(PFJ)、纤维素酶(CEL)和两者混合物(MIX)进行青贮,研究添加剂对水葫芦青贮品质的影响。结果表明:与CON组相比,高含水率青贮中,PFJ和MIX组的pH值、氨态氮和气体损失极显著降低(P＜0.01),MIX组的干物质回收率显著升高(P＜0.05);低含水率青贮中,PFJ和MIX组的氨态氮和气体损失显著降低、干物质回收率显著升高(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),MIX组的可溶性碳水化合物含量极显著升高(P＜0.01);CEL有效提高了2种含水率青贮的可溶性碳水化合物存留量(P＜0.01,P＜0.05)。随原料含水率的降低,所有组的可溶性碳水化合物含量升高(P＜0.01),CON、PFJ和CEL组的气体损失下降(P＜0.01)。综上所述,PFJ和MIX能显著改善2种含水率水葫芦青贮的发酵品质,CEL能有效提高2种含水率水葫芦青贮的可溶性碳水化合物存留量:降低原料的含水率可提高青贮的可溶性碳水化合物含量和减少气体的损失。试验三使用含水率65.5%的水葫芦作为原料,通过分别添加水葫芦或象草绿汁发酵液(PFJ-1、PFJ-2)、蔗糖(SUC)、甲酸(FA)、四蚁酸铵(FOR)和水葫芦或象草绿汁发酵液+蔗糖(MIX-1、MIX-2)进行青贮调制试验。7种添加剂均显著降低了青贮的pH值、氨态氮和中性洗涤纤维含量(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);FOR和PFJ-2除外的添加剂均显著提高了青贮的干物质回收率、降低了青贮的水分和酸性洗涤纤维含量(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);SUC除外的添加剂均显著降低了青贮的气体损失(P＜0.01);PFJ除外的添加剂均显著提高了青贮的可溶性碳水化合物存留量(P＜0.01)。综上所述,各添加剂均不同程度地改善了水葫芦青贮的品质,以MIX的效果最佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 Utilization of green forage is an effective approach in reviving of grain consumption between human beings and animal in China and also in ensuring of sustainable development of animal husbandry.It can be cause nutriment loosing if making silage directly in normal way,and may be even cause corrupt and quality change.To take full advantage of southern green forage resource and improve feeding value,the effect of different additives on silage quality was studied.Different silage materials were chosen in this research including napier grass（NG） and water hyacinth（WH）.Experiment 1.The study was conducted to investigate the fermentation quality and chemical composition of NG silage prepared with different additives.Three kinds of NG with different moisture content（68.3%,70.0% and 79.9%respectively）were made silages at normal temperature for 50 days.Each NG silage was prepared in experimental glass containers to create seven treatments:control（CON）;0.1%previously fermented juices （PFJ-1）;0.2%previously fermented juices（PFJ-2）;0.00005%cellulase（CEL-1）;0.0001%cellulase（CEL-2）; 0.1%previously fermented juices+0.00005%cellulase（MIX-1）;0.2%previously fermented juices+0.0001% cellulase（MIX-2）.The results were as follows:（1）For NG silage with different moisture content,PFJ supplementation enhanced dry matter reclaim（DMR）and crude protein（CP）while reduced the pH value and Ammonia nitrogen（NH₃-N）significantly（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）;MIX application enhanced water soluble carbohydrate（WSC）and CP for NG silage with 70.0%or 79.9%moisture content,DMR and CP for NG silage with 68.3%or 79.9%moisture content while reduced the pH value and NH₃-N for NG silage with 68.3%or 79.9%moisture content,the pH value for 70.0%NG silage,neutral detergent fiber（NDF）and acid detergent fiber （ADF）for 68.3%NG silage significantly（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）;For 79.9%NG silage,CEL application significantly reduced NH₃-N while increased WSC（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）.（2）The silage of NG with CON,PFJ and MIX at 68.3% or 70.0%moisture content had better effect on improving DMR than 79.9%NG silage,and the pH value were reduced significantly for NG silage with 68.3%or 79.9%moisture content（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）;The treatments of CON and MIX on NG silage with 68.3%or 70.0%moisture content silage could increased WSC remarkably and the same trend was observed in CP for NG silage with addition of FGJ-1,CEL-1 and MIX（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）.In summary,the treatment of reducing the moisture content as soon as adding PFJ to the NG properly can make quality NG silages.Experiment 2.The experiments selected WH with different moisture content（39.6%,70.6%respectively）as materials.The effects on the silage quality of the material through adding different additives:previously fermented juices（PFJ）;cellulase（CEL）;previously fermented juices+cellulase（MIX）were studied.It suggested that:For the silage of WH with 70.6%moisture content,addition of PFJ and MIX extremely declined the pH value,NH₃-N and gas loss rate（GL）（P＜0.01）,and the reverse trend was observed in DMR of silage with MIX addition（P＜0.05）.For the silage of WH with 39.6%moisture content,NH₃-N and GL were reduced significantly, and the reverse trend was observed in DMR with the treatments of PFJ and MIX（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）.MIX application extremely increased DMR of silage（P＜0.01）.Addition of CEL could increase the WSC reserved quantity effectively under all different moistures（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）.With the treatment of reducing the moisture content,application of all the additives extremely increased WSC,and application of CON,PFJ and CEL extremely decreased GL（P＜0.01）.Results showed that:For WH silage with different moisture content,addition of PFJ and MIX can extremely improve the fermentation quality,and CEL application can increase the WSC reserved quantity effectively;Increasing WSC reserved quantity and decreasing GL could be actualize by reducing the moisture content of the silage.Experiment 3.This experiment was about the effects of different additives as WH previously fermented juices（PFJ-1）,NG previously fermented juices（PFJ-2）,sucrose（SUC）,formic acid（FA）,foraform（FOR）,WH previously fermented juices+sucrose（MIX-1）,NG previously fermented juices+sucrose（MIX-2）on the quality of WH with 65.5%moisture content silage.It suggested that:Application of all the additives significantly reduced the pH value,NH₃-N and NDF of silage（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）;All the additives except FOR,PFJ-2 supplementation enhanced DMR while reduced moisture content and ADF significantly（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）;And GL were reduced significantly with all the additives except SUC（P＜0.01）;Besides,all the additives except PFJ significantly increased WSC（P＜0.01）.Results showed that all of the seven additives could improve the quality of WH silages, and the group of MIX addition achieved the best results.更多还原