【作者】 田军；

【导师】 严庆； 王剑峰；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（理化技术研究所） ， 有机化学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 烷基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐共聚物,具有线性分子结构,是一种水溶性电解质聚合物。由于其具有良好的化学稳定性、粘合性、保水性、成膜性而且对人体无毒,在医药、化工等许多领域得到了广泛应用。到目前为止,关于乙烯基醚与马来酸酐共聚物应用方面的研究还比较少。因此开展此类共聚物的研究工作有重要的意义。本论文在以下三个方面展开研究:1.以乙烯基醚（异丁基乙烯基醚及4-羟丁基乙烯基醚）和马来酸酐为原料,采用溶液聚合的方法制备了异丁基乙烯基醚-马来酸酐共聚物及4-羟丁基乙烯基醚-马来酸酐共聚物。讨论了催化剂、单体和溶剂的用量及反应条件（反应时间、反应温度等）对乙烯基醚-马来酸酐共聚物分子量及产率的影响。采用红外、核磁等测试手段对两种聚合物进行了表征,发现所制备的异丁基乙烯基醚-马来酸酐共聚物具有交替结构,4-羟丁基乙烯基醚-马来酸酐共聚物产生了交联。2.采用分子设计的手段,从分子间相互作用的角度出发,使用所合成的异丁基乙烯基醚-马来酸酐共聚物对亲水性的聚乙烯醇（PVA）进行共混改性,发现改性后的PVA复合材料的耐水性及力学性能有明显提高,而热性能有所降低。其中异丁基乙烯基醚-马来酸酐共聚物的含量为2%时,PVA复合薄膜的柔韧性能最好,其断裂伸长率从纯PVA的20%左右提升至300%。3.以异丁基乙烯基醚-马来酸酐共聚物作为纳米粒子分散剂,进行了探索性研究。选用具有纳米尺寸的膨胀石墨及二氧化硅,以PVA为基体,考察了异丁基乙烯基醚-马来酸酐共聚物对纳米粒子的分散作用。结果表明异丁基乙烯基醚-马来酸酐共聚物加入后,膨胀石墨或纳米二氧化硅在基体中的分散性有明显提高,其中加入分散剂的聚合物石墨体系的电导率比纯的聚合物石墨体系提高了2个数量级。在P（IBVE-MA）的含量为2%,EG的含量为2%时,PVA/EG/P（IBVE-MA）复合材料达到最佳力学性能,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为24MPa和340%;P（IBVE-MA）为1%,SiO₂的含量为2%时,PVA/SiO₂/P（IBVE-MA）复合材料达到最佳力学性能,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为62MPa和400%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Linear copolymer of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride, in particular a copolymer of isobutyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride is water-soluble polymeric electrolyte compounds. Recently these copolymers have been widely used in medical and chemical industries, because the copolymers have nonpoisonous properties to the human body, good chemical stability, tackiness, cohesiveness, a water-holding property and excellent peeling property. However, there are only a few related researches and reports about the applications of the copolymer. This thesis mainly contains three chapters:1. Two copolymers of isobutyl vinyl ether （IBVE） / maleic anhydride （MA） and 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether （HBVE） / MA were synthesized. The effect of monomers, initiator concentration and reaction temperature on the copolymerization of vinyl ether and maleic anhydride was studied. The synthesized copolymers were characterized using the FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The results showed that the copolymer of IBVE and MA was alternating, on the other hand the copolymer of HBVE and MA was not alternating, in which the cross-linking occured during copolymerization.2. The synthesized copolymer of isobutyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride [P（IBVE-MA）] was used to blend with polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）. The results showed that P（IBVE-MA） improved the property of waterproofing and mechanical properties of blend films, but decreased the thermal property. When the amount of P（IBVE-MA） was 2%,blend films had the optimum property of toughness,the elongation at break was improved to 300% compared to 20% of pure PVA.3. The use of P（IBVE-MA） as a dispersant for nano particle was also studied. Nanocomposites based on PVA/ P（IBVE-MA）and expanded graphite（EG） or nano silicon dioxide （SiO₂） were prepared by solution method. The structure, electrical conductivity, thermal properties and mechanical properties of nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that P（IBVE-MA） was effective for the nano-dispersion of EG or SiO₂ in PVA. When the content of P（IBVE-MA） was 2%, The electrical conductivity of PVA/ EG was improved to 100 times than that of the nanocomposites without P（IBVE-MA）. When the content of P（IBVE-MA） was 2% and EG was 2%, PVA/ EG/ P（IBVE-MA） film had the optimum property of mechanical properties, the tensile strength was 24MPa, the elongation at break was 340%; When the content of P（IBVE-MA） was 1% and SiO₂ was 2%, PVA/ SiO₂/ P（IBVE-MA） film had the optimum property of mechanical properties, the tensile strength was 62MPa, the elongation at break was 400%.更多还原