山东省普通高校公共体育健美操课程教学现状分析及发展对策研究

【作者】 张俊丽；

【导师】 张锡枝； 李思民；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 健美操是横跨体育、文化、艺术和教育等诸多领域的综合性的运动项目,能充分体现健身、健美、健心的整体实效性。健美操以其独有的特点吸引了众多的大学生参与其中,运动者在明快的节奏中进行全身各关节、各部位的节律运动,沉入节奏的美境,融化在物我两忘的艺术审美境界、陶醉于音乐的旋律之中,在欢乐中健身、美体、减肥、陶冶情操。近年来,随着我国健美操运动的蓬勃发展,健美操国际国内大赛越来越受到大家的关注。作为实现高等学校体育教学目标的有效手段之一的健美操教学正以其独特的魅力吸引着越来越多的大学生。目前,山东省许多高校已经将健美操列入体育课的教学大纲,并广泛地开展了健美操教学。本文用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法对山东省普通高校公共体育开设健美操课的现状进行了调查,旨在全面了解山东省普通高校公共体育“健美操课”现状,进一步明确健美操课的教学目的任务、规范教学内容、创新教学方法、突出健美操教学在素质教育中的作用,找出影响其发展的因素,并提出相应对策,为山东省普通高校公共体育健美操课程的改革提供有价值的依据。本文在已有的研究基础上结合当前高校体育改革的趋势,以全省的52所普通高等院校为一般调查对象,又以其中的20所学校为重点调查对象,对目前山东省普通高校公共体育健美操课程的现状进行了分析,得出以下结论:1.山东省普通高校公共体育健美操课程的开课率较高,占高校总数的82%。各高校“健美操课”目标的制定基本符合《全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要》的要求,在健美操课程的设置上比较合理。所调查高校中大部分学校都在一、二年级开设了健美操选项课程,少数学校在三、四年级及研究生开设了选修课。在重点调查的20所学校中,健美操课程的教学内容单一、枯燥,对学生成绩的考核评价采用单纯的技术“评分制”,很难让学生保持长期的学习兴趣和学习的热情,无法满足学生的个性需要和表现欲望;在教学学时方面,总的教学时数比较能保证教学的要求,但是理论课教学时数相对较少。2.山东省高校健美操教师多为年轻女性,严重缺乏男教师。健美操专业毕业的教师占大多数,但学历层次不高,57.5%的高校健美操教师为本科学历,知识结构薄弱。健美操教师以中青年教师为主,70%的健美操教师处于31-40岁年龄段。教师的职称以讲师与助教为主,占总数的75%。教龄结构,整体分布比较合理。健美操师资水平不高,培训制度不健全是影响健美操教学发展的主要原因。3.选修健美操课的大部分学生学习目的性明确,男女生对健美操课的喜欢程度有一定差异。近年来选修健美操课的男生人数明显增多,但女生仍占绝大多数。4.山东省高校的体育场馆、器材基本能满足教学的需要。但场地设施简陋,学生的满意度不高。教学设备不完善,教学的条件太简陋,制约了教学内容的安排和实施,影响了学生的课外锻炼的积极性。加强健美操教学中的对策包括:加大教学实施的投资力度,完善健美操教学的物质条件。缩短基本部分时间,拓展准备部分的教学内容,延伸其课外自主学习空间。根据教学目标及课程设置需要,满足每学期36学时,并将健美操课程分为初级、中级和高级三个等级。充分利用健美操多样化的特点丰富健美操教学内容。通过比赛教学法、诱导教学法和网络互动教学法等改善传统教学方法。采用多元性、多角度的评价内容和诊断性、总结性相结合的考核评价方法来优化教学评价体系。不断调整与优化师资结构,加强对男生的全面教育与教学,提高选课率。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aerobics is a comprehensive sport item referring to many fields, such as athletics, literature, art and education...etc., fully embodying the whole efficiency of exercising body and soul. The aerobics attracts numerous university students for its own characteristics. The exercisers can exercise each joint and different parts of their bodies with the rhythm, immersing in the beautiful musical melody, so they can improve their body quality with delight.In recent years, along with the quick development of aerobics in our country, people are paying more and more attention to the aerobics competitions home and abroad. As an effective means of realizing the teaching targets of physical education in universities, the aerobics teaching is attracting more and more university students. Currently many universities in Shandong Province are taking aerobics into their syllabus and broadly offer aerobics teaching. This text makes an analysis on the situation of offering the aerobics teaching in the common universities of Shandong province on the basis of referring to relative data, questionnaire and interview, aiming at get an overall knowledge of aerobics teaching in Shandong province, further explicit the teaching purpose mission of universities, norm the teaching content, improve the teaching method, outstanding aerobics teaching’s role in the education for all-round development, find out the factor which affect its continuous development and put forward a corresponding countermeasures. So that it could provide worthy basis for common universities public sports aerobics lesson reform of Shandong province.On the research foundation before, this text combine the current reform trend of universities aerobics, with fifty-two common universities of the whole province as general investigate object, among which 20 schools as point investigate object. After analyzing the present situation of public aerobics course of Shandong province, we get the following conclusion.1. The rate of public aerobics course of Shandong province is higher, accounting for 82 percent of the total number of colleges and universities. The target establishment of universities aerobics lessons basically qualified for "whole country common the course teaching of the university and college athletics instruction outline". The establishment of aerobics lessons is more reasonable. Most schools of which were investigated opened aerobics lessons as elective lessons at grade one and two, while few did this at grade three and four and postgraduate. In the emphatic inquisition of 20 schools, the content of aerobics lessons was single and boring. Using simple technology "score" system to evaluate students’ performance. It’s difficult for students to keep long study interest and enthusiasm, and also can’t satisfy the student’s character demand and perform desire. In the teaching aspect, the total teaching number could comparatively assure the teaching request, but the teaching number in theory was relatively less. 2. The teachers of aerobics course of Shandong province universities are mostly young female, but lacks for male teachers seriously. The aerobics teachers graduated from this profession share majority. But the educational background layer is low, 57.5 percent of colleges and universities aerobics teachers graduated as undergraduate, and knowledge structure is weak. Medium youth teachers are lord during aerobics teachers, 60 percent of them are at the age of 31-40 years old. The title of the teachers is mainly lecturers and assistants, accounting for 75 percent of the total. The teach age structure distributes more reasonably on the whole. The level of aerobics teachers is low and the training system is not sound are the main reason which affect aerobics teaching’s development.3. The study purpose of most students who took aerobics as elective ones was explicit. The degree that boys and girls liked aerobics differs. The number of boys who took aerobics as elective ones increased significantly in recently years, but girls still account for the vast majority.4. The stadium and device of Shandong province universities could basically satisfy the teaching demand. But the place facilities were simple and crude, and the student’s satisfaction was low. These inadequate aspects restricted the arrangement and implement of the teaching content, and affected students’ exercise enthusiasm after class.The countermeasures of strengthening aerobics teaching including: increasing the investment intensity of teaching implement and improving material conditions of aerobics teaching. Shortening the basic part-time, expanding the teaching contents of preparing part and extending its self-learning space after class. According to the teaching objectives and class establishment need, we set 36 hours each semester and divided aerobics classes into beginner, intermediate and advanced three grades. We made full use of the character of aerobics diversity rich its teaching content. By the competition of teaching methods, leading teaching methods etc improve traditional teaching methods. Using diverse, multi-angle evaluation content and the appraisal methods of diagnosis combined with the summary to optimize teaching evaluation system. Continuously adjust and optimize the teaching structure, strengthen comprehensive education and teaching to boys and enhance the rate of choosing classes.更多还原