【作者】 王丹丹；

【导师】 罗耀光；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 隐喻研究源远流长,传统的隐喻观把隐喻看作是一种特殊的修辞手段或语言现象。现代认知语言学对隐喻的研究突破了修辞学的界限,对隐喻的本质与特征进行了全面而深刻地论述,证明隐喻是人类思维的重要手段,隐喻在本质上是认知的,它普遍存在于语言和思维中,是人类用来了解周围世界的概念工具。情感一直是认知语言学研究的重要课题。情感体验也是诗歌所传达的基本内容。爱情在人类的各种情感中有着特殊的地位。爱情是诗歌的一个重要的主题,同时诗歌也是隐喻最常出现的场所。为了生动形象地描述爱情这一情感,诗人们经常把它隐喻化。在国外,不少学者开始从认知的角度去研究诗歌隐喻。在国内,除了蓝纯(2001)对秦观词中的比喻和借代做了语料分析外,还未有其他人从认知角度对某位中国诗人的作品进行分析。国内外同时针对某一主题的诗歌的隐喻的分析更不多见。由于不同民族既具有基本相同的身体经验,又具有不同的文化经验,这就决定了隐喻在不同的语言文化中既可能存在着一定的共性,同时又存在着不同的文化特征。沿着这些思路,本文选择与人类密切相关的“爱情”这一概念,考察了大量英语和汉语诗歌的诗句。最后得出结论:(1)英汉语诗歌中都有“爱情是联合”,“爱情是植物”,“爱情是生病”,“爱情是火”,“爱情是容器中的液体”,“爱情是旅程”和“爱情的客体是食物”等隐喻概念以及“爱情产生的生理结果代表爱情”等转喻原则。(2)英语诗歌中有“爱情是商品交换”,“爱情是有价值的物体”,“爱情是太阳”,“爱情是星星”,“爱情是运动”,“爱情是游戏”,“爱情是魔力”,“爱情的客体是所属物”和“爱情的客体是神”等隐喻概念;汉语诗歌中多用和农业有关的物体以及身体器官尤其是内部器官如肠,心等隐喻爱情,一些自然意象如月亮等也被用来隐喻爱情。图腾文化在中国文化尤其在诗歌中起了重要的作用,凤和凰等图腾形象也经常被用来隐喻爱情。(3)隐喻是诗歌中的灵魂。英汉语诗歌中的爱情隐喻源于日常语言中的一些约定俗成的隐喻概念,是诗人们对日常语言中某些烂熟的比喻和借代进行提炼和拓展,由此创造出来的一些鲜活意象。隐喻不仅是一种语言现象,也是一种文化现象。作者通过英汉语诗歌中爱情隐喻的对比研究,从一个角度窥见了两种语言文化背后的思维规律,得出诗人在作品中创造的隐喻反映了诗人所处的时代人们认识和解释世界的方式,证实了由于认知的普遍性和文化的相对性导致了这两种语言中隐喻的相似性和相异性,这对我们更好地理解英汉语诗歌也有很大的帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study of metaphor has undergone a long history. In the traditional rhetorical view, metaphor is one of the rhetorical devices or linguistic phenomena. The study of modern metaphor is not confined to rhetorical devices any longer. Scholars have made comprehensive and profound research on the nature and features of metaphor. The nature and features of metaphor has become an important subject in the study of metaphor. Metaphor is an essential means of thinking and a common cognitive phenomenon which is pervasive and essential in language and thought. It is a perceptual and conceptualizing tool by which human beings understand the surrounding world.Emotion is an important subject in the study of cognitive linguistics. Meanwhile, emotion experience is a basic content which poems try to convey. As an important theme in poetry, love plays an important part in emotion concepts. Because metaphor is an essential component in poetry, poets often metaphorize love in order to describe it vividly.Many foreign scholars begin to study the metaphors in poetry from the perspective of cognition. In China, Lan Chun (2005) studies the metaphors and metonymies in Qin Guan’s masterpieces which is written by Qin Guan, a famous poet in Song Dynasty (960—1279). Other metaphor studies on Chinese poems from cognitive perspective are rarely seen, let alone the comparative study of metaphors of a certain theme in both English and Chinese poems.Different nations display different cultural experience as well as the same bodily experience, which determine that there may be similarities and differences of metaphors in different cultures. Based on this thinking, the thesis explores the conceptualization of the emotion of love and investigates numerous English and Chinese poetic lines. The conclusions are drawn as follows:(1) English and Chinese poems share the similar metaphorical concepts, such as UNITY, PLANT, FIRE, ILLNESS, A FLUID IN A CONTAINER, JOURNEY and FOOD metaphor and a metonymic principle: THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS STAND FOR LOVE.(2) English poems tend to resort to economic exchange, valuable object, sun, star, sport, game, magic, possessed object and deity to conceptualize love. Chinese poems tend to utilize agriculture-related objects, body parts (especially internal organs such as“heart”and“intestine”) and natural images such as moon to conceptualize love. Totems play an important part in Chinese culture especially Chinese poems. The male phoenix and the female phoenix are called feng (凤) and huang (凰) respectively. Poets compare the pursuit of love just as feng (凤) pursues huang (凰) in Chinese poems.(3) Metaphor is the spirit of poetry. The metaphors of love in English and Chinese poems are derived from conventional conceptual metaphors in our daily life. The metaphors of love in English and Chinese poems are vivid images which are developed from the universal metaphors and metonymies.Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a cultural phenomenon. Based on the comparative study of the metaphors of love in English and Chinese poems, this research finds out the thought pattern behind two cultures. The metaphors in the poems reflect the way people understand and explain the world in which the poets live. It is the cognitive universality and cultural relativity that lead to the similarities and differences of metaphors between the two languages. The author hopes that the present study is useful for the better understanding of English and Chinese poems.更多还原