云南省铜产业发展战略研究

【作者】 王冲；

【导师】 王华； 杨毓和；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 冶金工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以世界铜的生产和消费为参照,在分析我国铜市场消费需求的前提下,重点介绍和分析了云南省铜资源、产业布局及生产状况,总结云南省铜产业与国内外铜行业的差距,提出云南省铜产业发展战略。铜及铜加工材主要应用于电气、电子、轻工、机械制造、交通运输等行业。目前铜用量最大的是电气行业,占世界总消费量的42%,用量增长最快的是电子行业,占总消费量的10%。全球2006年铜消费量1800吨,预计2010年将达到2200万吨。世界上主要铜资源国是智利、美国、秘鲁、印尼、赞比亚、中国、俄罗斯、墨西哥、加拿大、澳大利亚等。国外大部分铜矿山采用露天开采,使用大型化、生产效率高、自动化水平高的采选矿及运输设备,工艺较为先进,并对低品位废矿石、尾矿等采用溶浸法直接生产电积铜,投资及生产费用很低。铜冶炼主要采用闪速炉熔炼、艾萨炉(奥氏麦特炉)熔炼等先进工艺及配套技术和设备;铜加工主要采用高精度、高效益和高自动化水平的专用设备。国外铜产业集中体现出企业规模大、技术及装备水平高、生产成本低的优势和特点。我国经济近些年来取得较快发展,对铜的需求也快速上升,从而带动铜及相关产业快速发展。然而我国铜资源储量小、品位低、开采条件差,现有企业规模小,尤其是矿山企业普遍规模小、装备水平低,冶炼企业仅有60%的生产能力达到或接近国外水平。加工企业30%生产能力接近国外水平,严重制约着我国铜产业参与国际竞争。云南省誉称“有色金属王国”,十种有色金属,尤其是铜、铅、锌、锡等矿产品资源丰富。但是云南省与发达地区,尤其是与国外相比,存在着资源不足、企业规模小、技术及装备水平低、产品结构不合理、技术创新能力还有待提高等问题。针对云南省铜产业存在的问题,结合作者多年从事铜业生产、技术及综合管理经验和思考,本论文提出了云南省铜产业战略设想:一是实施资源战略,优势矿产资源向优势企业集中,努力扩大资源储量,加大矿山开发,提高原料自给率,打造铜资源大省;二是以云铜集团为依托,实施中国名牌产品电铜“倍增计划”,以产量增长促进经济倍增;三是引进创新国内外先进技术,推广富氧顶吹溶池熔炼—艾萨炼铜等新技术,淘汰落后工艺和装备,提高整体技术及装备水平;四是加强产业产品结构调整,促进深加工上台阶;五是加强节能减排,发展循环经济,加强综合回收,在保护中开发,开发中保护,打造绿色产业;六是优化机制,“引进来、走出去”,引进国内外资金和先进的管理经验,推进国际化经营;七是加强政策扶持,实施多渠道融资,以人为本,打造云南铜产业航母。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the yield and consumption of copper in the world, the consume demand of copper was analyzed in China. In this paper, the resource, industry distribution and production is introduced and analyzed about copper in Yunnan province. The industrial development of copper in Yunnan province get behind in home and abroad. The development stratagem of Yunnan copper industry was brought out.Material and products of copper were applied to electric industry, electron industry, light industry, machine manufacture industry and traffic industry, and so on. At present, the main consumption of copper is electric industry, occupying 42% of total copper consumption. The rise rate of electron industry is quickest, occupying 10%. The total consumption of copper is 1800 tones in the world in 2006. It is estimated that the total consumption of copper is 2200 tones in the world in 2010.The most resources of copper coming from Chile, USA, Peru, Indonesia, Zambia, China, Russia, Mexico, Canada and Australia, and so on. Copper mines are opencast worked mostly by equipments of mining and dressing process which are big, high-cycle efficiency and high-level automation in abroad. The techniques of copper are advance, for example, the leaching process of copper mine is low invest and operating costs which produce dispose electrodeposited copper from low-grade ore and gangue. The advance processes and equipments of smelt copper are flash smelting process and Isa furnace process mostly. Main copper machines are high-precision, high-benefit and automation. The preponderance and characteristic of abroad copper industries is big project, advance technique and low-production costs.With the quickly development of economy recent years in China, the demand of copper materials is speedy ascended. Copper industries are developed. However, there are small reserves, low-grade ore and exploitation condition scurviness of copper resources in China. Scale of copper product enterprises is small and low-level equipment especially mines. Copper smelting factories are less than 60% total with world advantage technique. Copper machining factories are less than 30% total with world technique advantage technique. This status restricted severity competition ability of Chinese copper industry in international market.There is abundance nonferrous metals in Yunnan province, more than ten sort including copper, lead, zinc, tin etc.al. Therefore, Yunnan province is named "nonferrous metals kingdom". Whereas there is less scale factories, lower-level process and equipment, more illogicality products structure and less techno-innovation in Yunnan copper enterprise than in developed area and abroad.Aiming at problems of Yunnan copper industry, it is discussed that author thought about integrated manage experience and technical ideas of copper factory. It was put forward about strategy idea of Yunnan copper industry. Firstly, dominance copper resources will send to dominance factories. In order to increase capacity of raw self-supplying and build a big copper resource province, More resource reserves will be prospected and mine exploitation. Secondly, based on Yunnan copper group, cathodes is notability Chinese product which double output plan will put in practice and accelerate economical development. Thirdly, advance techniques will be fetched in and innovated. Old processes and equipments must be fell into disuse in order to renovate integer technique and equipments. Rich oxygen top blown smelt process will be prevalence, for example Isa furnace process. Fourthly, product configuration will be adjusted. Copper products will be extended. Fifthly, intensifying the economization and lessen let, developing cycle economic, reusing waste in order to build green industry. Sixthly, optimizing system, abroad capital and manage experiences will be fetched in our enterprise realizing internationalization management. Lastly, intensifying the policy support, actualizing multi-channel raising fund and people oriented, Yunnan copper industry will be built an industry flattop.更多还原