【作者】 黄凯文；

【导师】 柴铁劬；

【作者基本信息】 广州中医药大学 ， 针灸推拿学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 针灸学是我国历代劳动人民在长期与疾病作斗争中创造和发展起来的一种医学,是我国医学家在医疗实践中的经验结晶。针灸是以中医理论为指导,通过运用针刺和艾灸作用于人体一定穴位上,用以调整脏腑、经络、气血的功能,以防治疾病的一门临床学科,是中国传统医学的重要组成部分。二十四史作为古代众多文献的一部分,是中国历代各朝撰写的二十四部史书的总称。它上起传说中的黄帝(前2550年),止于明朝崇祯十七年(1644年),计3213卷,约4000万字,二十四史记载了明末以前历代王朝的政治、经济、医学、文化、科技和军事等方面的大量史料,它是研究我国历史的宝贵资料。近年来关于针灸医学史的研究,涉及经络与腧穴、技法、处方与取穴、临床、医家、医典古籍、教育、中外交流等方面。以上研究基本上是通过医学文献开展的,而通过非医学文献的开展针灸医学史研究仍相对薄弱。本课题以二十四史为研究对象,通过采用手工检索与计算机检索相结合方法,搜集、挖掘二十四史中有关针灸医学的史料,运用历史学、目录学、文献学、教育学等的理论与研究方法,对二十四史中有关经络、腧穴、针灸临床、针灸医学人物、针灸教育、针灸书目等方面的史料展开分析、研究。从二十四史针灸医学史料可见春秋战国时经络学说的逐步完善;汉代时,经络学理论体系已经形成;古今经络学存在一定的差异;元末明初时,首次将任督脉二与十二经脉相提并论。反映出春秋末期已有了腧穴的概念。在针灸临床方面,二十四史记载收录春秋时代到明末的大量历代针灸医案,既有常见病,也有疑难杂症,并有误刺灸之教训;通过对这些针灸临床史料的研究,有利于了解前人的经验,在继承的基础上发展针灸医学,对针灸的临床、科研和教学起到借鉴作用。针灸医学人物方面,二十四史收录了春秋战国至明末针灸医学人物的活动、成就、代表性的著作,对了解各时期针灸医学人物的从医动机,学术思想的形成、高尚的医德、及保健养生提供丰富的史料。古代的针灸医学教育体制与中医教育体制一样,大致可以分成两个系统,即民间医学教育系统和官办医学教育系统,两系统互学并进,共同促进了中国古代针灸医学教育事业的发展,而且古代的针灸教育对今天的针灸教育仍有重要借鉴意义。二十四史史志目录为后人提供了历代针灸医籍及其流传、存佚的情况。更多还原

【Abstract】 Acupunture-Moxibustion is a medicine invented and developed by the Chinese nation during a long history of fighting against disease, as well as the crystallization of experiences of the Chinese doctors in their medical practice. Acupunture-Moxibustion guided by the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, applies needling and moxibustion to points on the human body to regulate the functions of the Zang-fu organs, meridians and collaterals, and qi and blood to prevent and treat disease. It is an important component part of Chinese medicine.The Twenty-Four Histories is a collection of Chinese historical books covering a period of history from 2550 BC to the Ming Dynasty in the 17th century. The whole set contains 3213 volumes and about 40 million words. It is often considered an authoritative source of traditional Chinese history and culture, and is used for research on politics, economics, medicine , literature, science, military affairs and other subjects. Typically, after collecting credible sources, these canonical history records were produced in the next dynasty by officially organized editing, revising, and collating. It is officially considered as an officer’ s job failure for every factual error left in the published records. Therefore, compared to "personally made history", they are considered as "credible history" by most professional history researchers.In nearly five years, the research on history of Acupunture-Moxibustion involves meridians and collaterals, acupoints, manipulation, clinical treatment , personage , ancient books , education , sino-foreign Acupunture-Moxibustion exchange, etc. Those researches of acupuncture history were base on medical materials, but the research base on none medical materials is still weakness.Based on the Twenty-four of Histories, this research is adopts the combination of manually retrieval and computer retrieval, collects and digs Acupuncture-Moxibustion historical materials from the Twenty-Four Histories, applies the theory and research method of history, bibliography, philology, education, develops a research about meridian, acupoints, treatment, personage, education , bibliography to Acupuncture-Moxibustion historical materials. In the part of meridians and collaterals and acupoint, it is thus evident that meridians and collaterals doctrine were consummate in Spring and Autumn period, the difference of Ancient and Modern meridians and collaterals, the meridians and collaterals theory system was formed in Han Dynasty; Between the Late Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty , it is first time to elevate Du Meridian and Ren Meridian position as the Twelve Meridians. The conception of acupoint came forth in the lately of Spring & Autumn Period.In the part of acupuncture clinical treatment, the Twenty-Four Histories include a lot of the ancient medical record, such as common ailment , difficult and complicated illness, and needling and moxibustion mistaken cases. Those historical materials help to understand the experience of predecessor, and plays a important roles in promotion the Acupuncture-Moxibustion presently. In the part of Acupuncture-Moxibustion personage, the historical materials include those acupuncture personage activity , achievement , and representative contribution. It helps to find out personage motivation of engaging in acupuncture, formation and development of academic thinking, noble medical ethics、health preserving and health protection . Chinese ancient educational system of acupuncture can be generally divided into two aspects, namely the folk medicine education and the official medicine education, both systems accelerates the development of the ancient acupuncture education. The ancient acupuncture education has its references for modern education. Catalogues of Twenty-Four Histories supply the complexion of ancient acupuncture books origin and development as well as the advantage and disadvantage.更多还原