【作者】 柳静；

【导师】 丁圣彦；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 生态学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 森林生态系统生物区系组成较为复杂,而在生态系统中起决定作用的植物区系更是复杂多样。利用植物功能群来研究森林生态系统可以简化这一复杂的生态系统,同时也可以弱化各物种的个别作用,将物种水平提高到生态系统水平,有利于深入探讨森林生态系统不同种群间彼此协同适应及其与环境间的相关机制。伏牛山自然保护区是我国东部森林样带中的亚热带和温带的结合点,兼具南北气候过渡带的典型特征,且保护良好,是研究森林生态系统植物功能群沿水、热梯度的组合及其动态变化的理想场所。本研究在伏牛山自然保护区南北坡及同一坡向的不同海拔地段,以保护区南坡北亚热带含有常绿树种的落叶阔叶林生态系统和北坡暖温带的典型落叶阔叶林生态系统为主要研究对象,利用种间联结分析的方法确定以控制生态系统动态过程和功能的优势种为主体的植物功能群分类框架,再用植物种群生态学的方法分析研究区南北坡主要森林生态系统植物功能群的种内、种间关系。研究结果表明:⑴栓皮栎、短柄枹、锐齿栎和华山松是整个?で闹饕攀浦郑毖睾0翁荻人挠?势种具有明显的替代现象。本研究以控制伏牛山森林生态系统动态过程和功能的优势种为主体,借助种间联结法将伏牛山南北坡森林生态系统沿海拔梯度划分为四个植物功能群。⑵优势种种群的分布格局在不同功能群中多呈集群分布,且空间分布指数沿海拔梯度呈规律性变化,个别地段呈均匀分布。⑶本研究以物种胸径大小及个体高度替代龄级来反映种群的年龄结构和动态,将种群划分为10个径级、7个高度级。总体上讲,各优势种种群的年龄结构在大多地段呈稳定型,中龄个体较多,幼、老龄个体较少,天然更新良好,种群维持着一定的后续资源;少数地段呈衰老型,表现为缺少中、幼龄个体,老龄个体较多,种群缺乏后备资源。⑷总体来说,重要值大生态位宽的种群与其它种群的生态位重叠程度较大,相反,重要值小生态位窄的种群与其它种群生态位重叠程度较小。少数种群间出现重要值大,生态位重叠小;重要值小生态位重叠大的特征。通过此研究使我们对伏牛山自然保护区森林生态系统的组成和格局有了一定的认识,有助于进一步理解生态系统的动态过程和功能本质,对生态系统稳定性研究和生物多样性保护工作具有重要的理论指导作用。同时也可为在全球环境变化背景下模拟和预测同一植物功能群组成之间的互补共生和不同植物功能群之间竞争和协同适应机制的变化奠定基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The composition of the biota in the forest ecosystem is complex, and the flora which plays a decisive role in the ecosystem is more complex. The plant function group can simplify the forest ecosystem, and also weaken the role of species. It is advantage for discuss the co-operation and the mechanism of environment in the different populations. The Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve is the combination of Subtropics and Warm-temperate zone, It has the north and south climate characteristic, and also protect complective. It is the good place to study the composition and dynamic of plant functional groups along the environmental gradients. This reseach develops in Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve, the object of this study is the deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem which contains chang lu species on the south slope and the typical deciduous Broad-leaved forest ecosystem on the north slope. X2 statistics and AC Coefficient are used for testing significance of interspecific association and correlation. The results clearly show the interspecific relationships between dominant species and other species. Major plant species in Funiu Mountain were grouped into plant functional groups(PFGs) based on the dominant species on the south slope and on the north slope. And the analyses the intraspecific relationship and interspecific relationship in the plant functional groups.The results showed:⑴Quercus variabilis、Quercus glandulifera、Quercus acutidentata、Pinus armandii is the dominant species on the Funiu mountain nature reserve, they have the obvious substitution phenomenon along the titudinal gradient. Major plant species in Funiu Mountain were grouped into four plant functional groups(PFGs) based on the dominant species on the south slope and four plant functional groups(PFGs) based on the dominant species on the north slope.⑵The dominant species population’s distributed pattern assumes the colony distribution much in plant function groups, and the spatial distribution index assumes the regular change along the titudinal gradient; only the Quercus variabilis、Pinus armandii in PFGⅢassumes uniform distribution on the north slope. ⑶In this study, the size and individual species DBH alternative high level to reflect the age of the population age structure and dynamics. The population divided into 10 Drive-class, 7 high-class. Generally speaking, the age structure of dominant species assumes the stability mode on most areas, the population maintained certain following resources. The minority land sector assumes senilly, displays for lacking young age individual, old age individual are many, the population lacks the reserve resources.⑷The descending order of niche breadth value was to some extent in accordance with that of important values. The values of niche overlap were relevant to niche breadth in that the populations with wide niche breadths usually had high overlap values with the other populations. The niche overlap values among the populations with the same or similar environment requirements and similar biological properties were also higher. But in few populations with high important values had lower overlap values with the other populations.Through this research, We had a certain understanding to the composition and the pattern of forest ecosystem in Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve. It is helpful in further understands the ecosystem dynamic and the function essence, had an important guiding role in the ecosystem stability and the biodiversity protection work..Simultaneously may also for the simulation and forecast the supplementary paragenesis in plant function group composition, the competition and the coordination adaptation mechanism between different plant function groups under the global environment change background.更多还原