【作者】 韩小丽；

【导师】 李明静； 郭兰萍；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 分析化学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文首先采用文献调研方法,对中药材重金属污染现状进行统计分析。在此基础上,在盆栽条件下,以青蒿为试验材料,研究土壤中人工添加铜、铅、镉单一及复合污染对青蒿生长及青蒿素含量的影响,以及施用粉煤灰、腐殖酸和澎润土对重金属污染土壤中青蒿生长及青蒿素含量的影响。主要结果如下:一、中药材重金属污染现状分析对相关文献数据分析表明:我国药材中存在不同程度的重金属污染。铜、铅、砷、镉、汞超标率分别为21.0 %、12.0 %、9.7 %、28.5 %、6.9 %;单样本同一批次药材中存在2种、3种、4种重金属同时超标的现象,平均超标率分别为4.6 %、1.5 %、0.7 %;36种常见中药材中桔梗、细辛、黄连等药材重金属含量较高,枸杞子、两头尖、西洋参、枳壳中5种重金属含量均没有超标;不同产地药材重金属污染的种类及程度均存在一定的差别;栽培药材铜和铅的含量高于野生药材,砷的含量则是野生高于栽培。二、重金属污染对青蒿生长及青蒿素含量的影响1铜污染对青蒿生长的影响总体表现为抑制作用,使青蒿生长缓慢,物候期推迟,生物量及农艺指标下降。土壤高浓度铜抑制了青蒿素的合成和积累。2整体看来,铅对青蒿生长的影响主要表现为抑制作用,但其影响相对较小,处理组之间生长情况差别并不明显。铅对青蒿素含量影响不大,铅处理组和对照组青蒿素含量相比并无显著差异。3镉对青蒿生长发育的抑制作用较为明显,整个生长期内,镉处理组青蒿均表现为生长缓慢,生物量及各项农艺指标较低,叶片在幼苗期及收获时均发黄。镉低浓度显著促进了青蒿素的合成积累,但随着镉浓度的增加,促进作用逐渐减小。4青蒿整个生长期中,复合污染对青蒿生长总体表现为抑制作用,使青蒿生长缓慢,生物量下降,其中Cu-Pb-Cd复合污染对青蒿的毒害作用最为显著。复合污染组中青蒿素含量均低于对照组,其中Cu-Pb、Cu-Pb-Cd组含量显著低于对照组。三、化学修复剂对重金属污染土壤中青蒿生长及青蒿素含量的影响1粉煤灰、澎润土和腐殖酸3种修复剂对铜污染土壤中青蒿的生长均表现出一定的促进作用,其中又以粉煤灰的促进作用最为显著。但修复剂均未明显提高铜污染土壤中青蒿素的含量。2 3种修复剂对铅污染土壤中青蒿的生长均表现出一定的促进作用,其中以粉煤灰的促进作用最为显著。修复剂均未明显提高铜污染土壤中青蒿素的含量。3 3种修复剂对镉的危害均起到了缓解作用,促进了青蒿生长。其中又以腐殖酸的修复效果最为明显。3种修复剂均未明显提高青蒿素的含量。4 3种修复剂对铜、铅、镉复合污染的危害均起到了一定的缓解作用,对青蒿的生长显示出促进作用,其中以粉煤灰的促进作用最为显著。粉煤灰、腐殖酸显著促进了青蒿素的合成积累。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis was proposed on the basis of investigation of the situation of Chinese crude drugs polluted by heavy metals.Artemisiae Annuae was taken as an example in the experiments. The effects of heavy metals on the growth of Artemisiae Annuae and content of Artemisinin in Artemisiae Annuae were studied in a Potted Plant culture experiment, at the meantime, effects of adjust of applying coal fly ash, bentonite and humic acids on the growth of Artemisiae Annuae and content of Artemisinin in Artemisiae Annuae were studied. The main results were as follows:1 Review of pollution by heavy metals in Chinese crude drugsChinese crude drugs were polluted by heavy metals in different levels. The content of Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Hg exceeded the limited standard and the percentage was 21.0%, 12.0%, 9.7%, 28.5%, 6.9%; the phenomena of two, three and four metals exceeding limited standard simultaneity in the same drugs were also discovered and the percentage was 4.6%, 1.5%, 0.7%; the content of heavy metals in Radix P1atycodi, Asarum and Coptis was higher among the thirty-six Chinese crude drugs; All of the content of five heavy metals in Barbary Wolfberry Fruit, Anemone raddeana Regel, American Ginseng and fructus aurantii were below the limited standard; The pollution levels of heavy metals in different locality were different;the content of Cu, Pb in cultivated Chinese crude drugs was higher than that in wild Chinese crude drugs, while the content of As in wild Chinese crude drugs was higer than that in cultivated Chinese crude drugs.2 The effects of heavy metals on the growth of Artemisiae Annuae and Content of Artemisinin in Artemisiae Annuae.Copper reduced growth of Artemisiae Annuae,decreased the biomass and other plant growth charaeters. Also,copper reduced the content of Artemisinin. Lead reduced growth of Artemisiae Annuae and content of Artemisinin but the effects were not evident.Cadmium reduced growth of Artemisiae Annuae and the effects were obvious.The biomass and other plant growth charaeters decreased, also, the colour of Artemisiae Annuae leaf was yellow. However, the content of Artemisinin increased obviously when cadmium concentration in soil was 0.5mg/kg.Heavy metals compound pollution reduced growth of Artemisiae Annuae and content of Artemisinin, decreased the biomass and other plant growth charaeters. And the harm of Cu-Pb-Cd was obvious.3 Chemical remediation on the growth of Artemisiae Annuae and content of Artemisinin in Artemisiae AnnuaeApplied coal fly ash, bentonite and humic acids under stress of copper could promote the growth of Artemisiae Annuae, and the effects of coal fly ash was obvious. But three chemical additives could not increase the content of Artemisinin.Applied coal fly ash,bentonite and humic acids under stress of lead could promote the growth of Artemisiae Annuae, and the effects of coal fly ash was obvious. But three chemical additives could not increase the content of Artemisinin.Applied coal fly ash, bentonite and humic acids could hinder cadmium from poisoning Artemisiae Annuae plant growth, and the effects of humic acids was obvious. Three chemical additives could not increase the content of Artemisinin.Applied coal fly ash, bentonite and humic acids could hinder heavy metals compound from poisoning Artemisiae Annuae plant growth, and the effects of humic acids was obvious.Coal fly ash and humic acids increased the the content of Artemisinin.更多还原