【作者】 陈丽；

【导师】 张庆林；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 现今关于顿悟的认知机制主要有四种观点(Mumuford,&Whetzel,1996):(1)表征方式转变理论;(2)限制理论;(3)建构理论;(4)选择性加工理论。基于上述理论,张庆林提出在现实中,顿悟可能产生于“原型事件的激活”;而这就意味着在实验室条件下解决顿悟问题的关键在于正确地激活“原型事件”并获取其中的“关键性启发信息”。以张庆林所提出的原型事件激活理论为基础,本研究旨在探讨正负诱发情绪对顿悟性思维的影响。我们采用了微观发生法并创建了一种新的“学习-测试”的实验范式以探索顿悟问题解决的认知机制。此外,为了探讨情绪与认知的关系,本研究引入了情绪变量。在情绪与认知的关系探讨方面,先前的许多研究取得的结果之间分歧比较大。本研究假设:(1)正面诱发情绪对汉语字谜的原型激活具有促进效应:(2)负面诱发情绪对汉语字谜的原型激活具有阻碍效应。本研究包括2个实验,每个实验都采取了三阶段实验范型。首先,要求被试学习原型字谜;接着,对被试进行正面或负面情绪状态的诱发;最后,要求被试完成靶字谜的测试。本研究使用的实验工具有《瑞文标准推力测验(中国城市版)》及汉语字谜对。采用SPSS 13.0进行数据的统计与分析。研究结果显示,在本实验条件下,在难度较大的靶字谜的测试中,无论是正面诱发情绪还是负面诱发情绪,对汉语字谜的原型激活都没有统计意义上的显著影响。然而,在中等难度的靶字谜测试中,正面诱发情绪对汉语字谜的原型激活产生了极其显著的影响,而负面诱发情绪与控制组相比对汉语字谜的原型激活不具有显著影响。在研究一与研究二中,性别变量均不具有显著的主效应。据此,我们得出如下结论:(1)正面诱发情绪对汉语字谜原型激活具有显著的促进效应,这就支持了原型事件激活理论。(2)正确激活原型事件中的关键性启发信息是解决顿悟问题的关键,而这种“激活”是一个具备不同阶段的连续过程。(3)在中等难度的字谜测试中,正面诱发情绪显著地促进了关键性启发信息的激活。(4)本研究为顿悟问题解决及情绪研究均提供了一种可行的实验研究范式。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are four influential hypotheses pertaining to the cognitive mechanism of insight, which is the focus of current research on insight problem solving:(1) Representation changing hypothesis,(2)constraints hypothesis,(3)stractural hypothesis,(4)selective processing hypothesis. Based on these hypotheses, Zhang Qinglin proposed that in reality, insight should be caused by "prototypal events activation"; this suggests that the key to solving insight problems is to activate the "prototypal event" correctly and gain "key heuristicinformation" under experimental conditions, based on Zhang’s hypothesis, the present study was designed to explore the emotion promoting effect in the logogriph activation of Chinese characters. We adopted the microgenetic method and constructed a new experimental paradigm called "prototypal event activating" to investigate the cognitive machanism of insight problem solving. In addition, we introduced the variable of emotion in order to identify the relationship between cognition and emotion; this was done because many preceding relevant studies have revealed inconsistent results. We hypothesize that(l)positive induced emotioon might promote prototypal logogriph activation, and(2)negative induced emotion might prohibit prototypal logogriph activation.In order to test these hypotheses, we conducted two experiments as part of this study. These experiments adopted a three-stage experimental paradigm. First, the participants were asked to study the prototypal logogriph; second ,the pasitive or negative emotion of the participants was induced;and third, the participants were required to complete the target logogriph test. The instruments used in the experiments were the Rywin standard reasoning thet (the Chinese cities edition)and riddles associated with Chinese characters. SPSS 13.0 was used for the statistical analyses. The results showed that under the experimental condition, which included a test with a high-difficulty target logogriph, no significant influence of positive or negative induced emotion on prototypal logogriph activation was found. However, in the test with a medium-difficulty target logogriph, the positive induced emotion was found to significantly promote the prototypal logogriph activation, whereas the negative induced emotion did not significantly affect the prototypal logogriph activation, as compared to the performances of the participants in the controlled group. The sex variable did not have a significant main effect under both the experimental conditions.Therefore ,we can conclude the following(1)It was statistically proven that the induced positive emotion significantly promoted the "prototype activation" In the logogriph test, which indirectly supports the prototypal event activation hypothesis.(2)This study suggested that the activation of the key heuristic information embodied in the protitypal logogriph is crucial to the cognitive mechanism of insight, and the activation is a continuum sequence having different phases.(3)In logogriph problem solving that is relatively easy, the induced positive emotion significantly promoted the key heuristic information activation.(4)The study proposed a possible experimental paradigm to investigate insight problem solving and emotion.更多还原