【作者】 周毅；

【导师】 庞学铨；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 外国哲学， 2008， 硕士

【副题名】从两种成熟观出发

【摘要】 “成熟”是康德“什么是启蒙”这篇文章中的隐含的一个重要概念,我通过分析这个概念的一般意义,把它作为认识启蒙的“进口”和“出口”。在进口处,我从分析启蒙运动的“理性之光”这个根本隐喻出发,从中把握人的“成熟”含义,并试图描绘出这种想要“看到”一切的“成熟”最终重新堕入了新的“不成熟”的滑程。在出口处,我结合这个“德国式”问题的论战背景,具体分析了康德意义上“成熟”的内涵,以及达到这种“成熟”的前提条件和最佳方式——“出声的思考”(言论自由),在这个基础上,我试图表明康德从“言路”出发提供了一种谈论启蒙全新的方式。因为这种方式,启蒙的自我否定、自我批判的“宝藏”才能历久弥新,从而赎回启蒙早已失去的灵魂,使它始终具有当前的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The author regards "maturity", one of the most important concepts in Kant’s essay "What Is Enlightenment?", as the entrence and exit for enlightenment through analysing its general meanings. At the entrance, the author comprehends the connotation of man’s "maturity" by analysing the fundamental metaphor of Enlightenment Movement, "light of renson", and attempts to depict the process of man’s wants for "maturity" of seeing everything falling into another "immaturity". At the exit, on the debate background of this German-tyed question, the author explicitly analyses meanings of Kant’s "maturity" and premises and best way to achieve such "maturity", i.e. " outspoken thinking"(liberty of speech). On this base, the author attempts to show that Kant starts with "speaking" and provides us a new approach to enlightment. Thanks to this approach, the treasure of enlighenment’s self-denial and self-criticism can be renewed and the lost soul of enlightenment can be redeemed and remain presently meaningful.更多还原