【作者】 于春妮；

【导师】 赵海平；

【作者基本信息】 中国医科大学 ， 护理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 前言基于问题的学习(Problem-based learning PBL)是建构主义理论指导下以学习者为中心的一种教学模式。它强调把学习设置到复杂的、有意义的问题情境中,通过学习者合作来解决真实性的问题,学习隐含于问题背后的科学知识,加深对知识的理解和应用,培养解决问题的技能,形成自主学习的能力。PBL教学主要形式之一是案例教学,案例教学的基础是案例,是进行教学活动的起点,所以案例的选择是否合适,直接影响到教学活动是否能够顺利进行。为了更好地进行护理心理学案例教学,研究者本人于2007年4月—10月在中国医科大学附属第一临床医院肿瘤内科、肾内科和肝胆外科,以巴里心理社会评估访谈表为提纲,应用访谈法、观察法和查阅病历法,收集住院病人的生理、心理和社会资料。将资料整理成护理心理学教学案例,应用自设的护理心理学案例评价问卷,邀请专家对案例进行评价。现将结果报告如下。目的设计护理心理学案例评价问卷并检验其内容效度;探索护理心理学教学案例编写模式,为今后护理心理学教学案例的设计提供依据;编写护理心理学教学案例;应用自设的护理心理学案例评价问卷,评价护理心理学教学案例。方法在查阅1992年—2007年的中英文文献36篇的基础上,咨询PBL研究专家自设护理心理学案例评价问卷,邀请中国医科大学医学教育中心、基础医学院、护理学院、附属第一临床医院、高职学院的6名专家,对问卷进行两轮评定修改。以巴里心理社会评估访谈表为访谈提纲,对中国医科大学附属第一临床医院肿瘤内科2例病人即乳腺癌术后化疗病人、直肠癌化疗病人,肾内科2例病人即慢性肾功能衰竭病人、肾病综合征病人和肝胆外科1例即肝癌手术病人,共5例进行访谈、观察,收集其生理、心理和社会资料。对资料进行分析整理,参照自设的护理心理学案例评价标准及国外案例模式,整理成护理心理学教学案例模式和护理心理学教学案例。应用自设的护理心理学案例评价问卷,邀请专家对所编写的案例进行评价,统计描述评价结果。结果护理心理学案例评价问卷的内容效度为0.97;案例一“话疗”——乳腺癌术后化疗病人,案例达到各条目评价标准的专家同意率为72.5%～100%;案例二“身患癌症但不知情的小伙子”——直肠癌化疗病人,案例达到各条目评价标准的专家同意率为62.5%～100%;案例三“年轻的疾病”——肾病综合征病人,案例达到各条目评价标准的专家同意率为75%～100%;案例四“生命的维持”——肾功能衰竭病人,案例达到各条目评价标准的专家同意率为62.5%～100%;案例五“术前术后”——肝癌手术病人,案例达到各条目评价标准的专家同意率为62.5%～100%。结论护理心理学案例评价问卷有较好的内容效度。形成了护理心理学教学案例模式,编写的五个案例基本达到案例评价标准,可以应用于教学中,并在教学过程中继续完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Problem-based learning (PBL) is a learner-centered teaching model, which is based on the Theory of Constructivism and emphasizes the issue in the complex and meaningful context. PBL can help students learn scientific knowledge implicit in the problems, deepen their understanding of the interpretation and application of knowledge and cultivate problem-solving skills, as well as improve their self- regulated learning ability. Cases teaching method is one of the core parts in PBL, so the high quality of cases is the key to the successful outcome of case teaching method. Appropriate choosing of cases are the main point for whether the teaching and learning activities can proceed smoothly. In order to improve the teaching and learning process using PBL in teaching of psychological nursing. By the ways of interviewing, observing and checking in-patients’ records during Apr. 2007 to Oct. 2007, the researcher collected physiopsychosocial data of five patents in department of oncology, hepatobiliary surgery and renal diseases of the first affiliated hospital of China Medical University, Finished the psychological nursing teaching cases. According to the self-designed questionnaire, experts evaluated cases. The results were reported as follows.ObjectivesThe aims of the study were: to design the psychological nursing case evaluation questionnaire and test its content validity; to explore case development model and provide basic evidence for the future case development; to develop the psychological nursing cases; to evaluate the psychological nursing cases using self-developed evaluation questionnaire.MethodsRelevent literature from 1992-2007 was reviewed. Six experts from Medical Education Center、Basic Medical College、Nursing College、the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University、Senior Vocational Technical School were invited to finish evaluation of psychological nursing case questionnaire. Besides, Barry psychosocial assessment scale was used as the outline of the interview. Purposive sampling was used and five patients with breast cancer postoperation under chemotherapy, with rectum cancer under chemotherapy, with chronic renal failure, with nephritic symdrome,with surgery in the first affiliated hospital of China Medical University were chose as the sample. Through interviewing, observing and checking in-patients’ records, physical, psychological and social information were collected. According to the case development standard and model, the researcher developed the psychological nursing case evaluation questionnaire and the case development model. Five cases were developed and the evaluation questionnaire were used by the experts to evaluate each case.ResultsThe content validity index of the psychological nursing case evaluation questionnaire was 0. 97; Case 1, talk treatment, the experts’agreement rate is 72. 5% to 100%; Case 2, a young man suffering from cancer but innocent, the experts’agreement rate is 62. 5% to 100%; Case 3, young disease, the experts’agreement rate is 75%～100%; Case4, the sustain of life , the experts’agreement rate is 62.5%～100%; Case 5, pre and post surgery, the experts’agreement rate is 62.5%～100%. ConclusionsPsychological nursing case evaluation questionnaire had good content validity. Case development model was formed . Five cases reach the basic case evaluation criteria, can be applied to teaching, and will be improved in the process of teaching.更多还原