【作者】 肖义；

【导师】 陈栓虎；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 丙烯酰胺类聚合物(PAM)因其具有絮凝、增稠、降阻、分散等特性被广泛应用于石油开采、造纸、水处理、化工、冶金、地质、煤炭、轻纺等工业部门,其主要用途已发展到约27个领域。本文在叙述常用引发剂的基础上,阐述了双官能度过氧化物引发剂引发机理及双(多)官能度过氧化物的应用。并以双官能度过氧化物-亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原引发剂,水溶性偶氮化合物偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐(AIBA·2HCl)为复合引发体系引发丙烯酰胺(AM)分别与2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)、丙烯酸(AA)水溶液共聚合,制得了阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺P(AM-DMC)、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺P(AM-AA),探索了引发温度、单体配比、双官能度过氧化物引发剂浓度、PH值、偶氮引发剂浓度等因素对特性粘数的影响,得到了合成P(AM-DMC)(单体总质量分数为30%时)和合成P(AM-AA)的最佳反应条件。通过红外光谱验证了目标共聚物。运用热稳定性DSC-TGA分析表明它们能在绝大多数领域运用。再以双官能度过氧化物-亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原引发剂,在50℃下引发AM分别与DMC、AA水溶液共聚合,对制得的P(AM-DMC)进行元素分析并结合莫尔法确定了其组成,通过元素分析确定了所得P(AM-AA)的组成。对AM/DMC、AM/AA共聚体系分别采用F-R法、K-T法、YBR法计算得到了各单体竞聚率值。结果表明同一共聚体系不同计算方法间所得竞聚率值吻合的很好。由竞聚率值得到了AM/DMC、AM/AA共聚物主链结构的序列长度分布情况。分析表明,同一共聚体系各单体摩尔分率相差不多时,交替性较为明显;相差很大时,摩尔分率很小的那种单体以1M段为绝对优势将另一单体的链段较均匀的分开。并运用Alfrey-Price方程求得了DMC、AA的Q、e值。最后对优化条件下合成的P(AM-DMC)、P(AM-AA)分别对膨润土悬浊液、城市生活废水进行絮凝效果评价,结果表明它们的絮凝性能良好,能够满足生产生活的需要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Acrylamide-based polymers (PAM), because of their superior performance such as flocculating, thickening, reducing resistance and so on are widely used in EOR, paper-making, water treating, chemical engineering, metallurgy, geology, coal, textile and other light industries, and their main uses have grown to about 27 areas.This paper describes the initiating mechanism of bifunctional peroxide initiator and its applications on the basis of the description of common initiator. By using a complex initiating system of bifunctional peroxide-sodium bisulfate redox initiator, water-soluble azo-compound 2 , 2’-azobis(2-ami-dinopropane)hydrochloride(AIBA·2HCl), cationic Polyacrylamide P(AM-DMC) and anion poly-acrylamide P(AM-AA) were synthesized with acrylamide(AM) and (2-methacryloyloxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride(DMC), acrylic acid(AA) respectively by aqueous solution copolymerization. And the trigger temperature, monomer ratio, the concentration of bifunctional peroxide initiator, PH value, azo initiator concentration on the effects of intrinsic viscosity were explored. The optimal reaction conditions of P(AM-DMC)( monomer total mass fraction is 30%) and P(AM-AA) have been obtained . IR certificated the target copolymer. DSC-TGA thermal stability analysis shows that they can be used in the vast majority of areas.Then by using bifunctional peroxide-sodium bisulfate redox initiator in aqueous solution, P(AM-DMC), P(AM-AA) were synthesized with AM and DMC, AA respectively in 50℃. The copolymer composition of P(AM-DMC) was determined by using elemental analysis as well as Mohr’s method, and the copolymer composition of P(AM-AA) was determined by using elemental analysis only. Under experimental conditions, the reactivity ratios of all monomers are calculated by three methods: F-R, K-T, and YBR in the AM/DMC, AM/AA copolymerization system. The results showed that the reactivity ratios from different calculation methods for each copolymerization system fitted very well. Sequence length distribution of AM/DMC, AM/AA Copolymers’ main chain is obtained on the basis of the reactivity ratios of monomers. Analysis of the results shows that the alternating tendency prevails when the molar fraction of each monomer is near, the chain segments of one monomer is equably mainly separated by 1M chain segment of the other monomer whose molar fraction is very small when the molar fraction of each monomer is of big difference in the same copolymerization system. Q, e values of DMC, AA were obtained by Alfrey-Price equation.Finally, through the flocculation experiments of using P(AM-DMC), P(AM-AA) which were synthesized under the optimum conditions to dispose bentonite suspension and urban life wastewater respectively, the results show that they have good flocculating performance ,and be able to meet production and life needs.更多还原