【作者】 钟暗华；

【导师】 高申春；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 基础心理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 心理学自从哲学母体中独立出来之后,一直存在着科学主义与人文主义两种对立的研究取向。其中,科学主义取向一直占据主导地位,成为心理学的主流。科学主义心理学虽然为心理学的独立和发展做出了重大贡献,但是也给心理学带来弊端甚至危机,使心理学非人化,心理学研究的视野越来越窄、研究的课题越来越琐细,越来越远离人们真实的心理生活,越来越缺少人文性。本文在考察心理学中的两种文化的基础上,阐述了科学主义心理学的内涵和特征;分析了科学主义心理学的理论基础;描述了科学主义心理学的发展历程;论述了科学主义心理学人文缺失的表现,并对心理学未来的发展进行了展望。本文认为科学主义心理学的人文缺失主要表现为:学科性质的人文缺失;人性观的人文缺失;研究对象的人文缺失;研究目的的人文缺失、研究法则的人文缺失。本文指出心理学未来的发展应该扩展人文视野,开展多元化研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the psychology stand alone from the philosophy, there has been two opposite approaches : scientism and humanism. The scientism has been occupying the leading position, and become the mainstream of psychology. Scientism contributes a great for the independence and development of psychology, but it also brought a lot of shortcomings and crises for psychology.The scientific psychology advocate that the psychological research should model the natural science, emphasize the application of experiment method, regard the objective and positive research as the only one right paradigm, regard the criterions of natural science as its foundation and try its best to build psychology as a discipline of natural science. The characteristics of scientific psychology is: the scientific view of natural science; the values of value-free; the methodology of method-centered; the research route of reductionism and the explanation framework of cause and effect.The formation and development of the scientific psychology has its deep theoretical foundation, there are positivism, physicalism and operationalism The effect of positive on the western mainstream psychology by the way of methodology, and become the methodology foundation of the different schools. The methodology of positivism in psychology is: the principle of experience to be verified, the objectivism principle, the principle of method-centered, the principle of element analysis, the reductionism, descriptive and quantization. Physicalism is a kind of attitude confide in the system of physics. It mainly embodies physical monism and mechanism in psychology, these are the grounds of empiricism, reductionism, quantitative principle and causality principle of the empirical psychology. Operationalism defines the principle of scientific concepts, puts forward a method to settle the concepts and theories of psychology----the method of operating-analysis. It guarantees the accuracy, rigidity and differentiation of concepts as well as reliability, stability and verifiability of knowledge.According to the development of the scientific psychology and the theory of different kinds of schools of psychology, it can be divided into five phase: the period of the sprout, beginning, the development, peak and mature. During the period of sprout, some scientists applied the principle of natural science to study the psychological problems. During the period of beginning, psychology established its natural science direction, practiced the scientific in all kinds of practical field, made the scientific identity of psychology admitted by the society. During the period of development, the natural science approach to psychology developed further and promote the practical application of psychology. During the peak period, the natural science approach of psychology developed its summit, it disregard the existence of human mind and consciousness, emphasis the objective standpoint and method, pursue the strict objectivism and complete reductionism. During the mature period, the natural science approach of psychology didn’t abandon the investigation of mind and consciousness, also keep the objective nature and scientific nature of psychology.The scientific approach to psychology has made a great contribution to the independence and development of psychology, but it persist in the scientific overly, it has also brought a lot of shortcomings for psychology, the field of psychology becomes more and more narrow, the topics of psychology become more and more trivial, remote from the real mental life farther and farther. result in the humanism deficiency of in psychological research. The manifestations are: the humanism deficiency of the nature of the discipline; the humanism deficiency of the human nature; the humanism deficiency of the research object; the humanism deficiency of the nature of the discipline; the humanism deficiency of the research purpose and the humanism deficiency of the research principle.As a discipline that study human beings, Psychology should expand its research field, insist that the unit of knowledge and value, pay attention to the holistic about the object of study and the multiple of research methods, Only do these can psychology be a true discipline about the human beings and do greater help for the human life.更多还原