【作者】 刘春；

【导师】 郑贵廷；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 政治经济学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 东北黑土区是我国最大的商品粮生产基地,对我国粮食综合生产以及农业经济的健康发展有着举足轻重的作用。近年来,面对东北黑土区水土流失日益严重,越来越多的人开始重视这个问题。国务院办公厅振兴东北地区等老工业基地工作要点指出要采取有力措施,切实提高东北地区粮食综合生产能力,发展现代农业,巩固东北作为全国商品粮基地的战略地位。在全面建设小康社会,加快社会主义新农村建设的历史进程中,促进农业的持续稳定发展,是一项最基本的重大战略方针。邓小平曾经指出劳动力是生产力的最基本因素之一,提高劳动力素质是促进生产力发展的必要条件,所以在实现这一战略方针过程中,大力开发利用东北黑土区农村人力资源,是最关键和根本的一环,这不仅是实现由传统农业向现代农业、粗放型农业向集约型农业转变,实现农业产业化经营的必然要求,而且是实现农业可持续发展的必要条件,是实现农村劳动力有效转移,促进农业和全社会现代化的必要条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, soil erosion of the black soil area in Northeast China is becoming increasingly serious, which has attracted more and more attention of people. Office of the State Council which revitalizes the northeastern region and other old industrial bases pointed out the need to take effective measures to improve the comprehensive grain production capacity and the development of modern agriculture to consolidate the strategic position of Northeast as a national grain production bases. In building a well-off society and speeding up the construction of a new socialist countryside in the historical process, promoting the sustained and stable development of agriculture is a major strategic policy. Labor is the most basic one of the productivity factors. The development and use of labor is a effective way to promote the development of productive forces and promote the economic development. Therefore, in the process of realizing this strategic policy, vigorously developing the rural human resources is the most crucial and fundamental part. Vigorously developing the rural human resources is not only to achieve from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, extensive agriculture to intensive agriculture, but also to achieve the realization of sustainable agricultural development .It is a necessary condition for the realization effective transfer of the rural labor force, to promote agricultural modernization of the whole society. Human resources are the basis of modern economic development. Make good use of abundant human resources in rural areas is good for not only the health of Chinese rural economic development, but also the development of Chinese industrialization process. Facing such background conditions, the development and use of rural human resources of Northeast China is imperative, the paper is divided into four parts.In the first part, first of all it points out that the topics background, the significance of the problem. Development and utilization of rural human resources of Northeast China is conducive to the healthy development of the economics and the sustainable agriculture, is conducive to the industrialization of agriculture and rural industrialization, is conducive to the development of rural urbanization, and is conducive to promote scientific progress in agriculture. In this paper, it puts forward to the guiding ideology and related concepts. Marx believed that human being is the most important and most active part in productivity and is a decisive factor. Marxism main ideas on human being and labor value theory play an important and guiding role. This paper proceeds to give the definition of the concept such as the population, black soil area, human resources, human resources in rural areas. Then, it notes comprehensive overview of related research theory, research findings home and abroad. Finally, this paper concludes a study of the ideas and methods. Primarily through the extensive literature research, combing theory, data processing with analysis, research results have been absorbed on the basis of Marxism main ideas, such as labor theory of value as a guide, using research methods of theoretical analysis, empirical analysis and comparative analysis.The second part is the comparison and reference of rural human resources development and utilization of world’s three black soil areas. The experience of the United States is that the United States technical training for farmers are divided into four types: the first is basic agricultural training. Secondly, the farmers continue to adult education. Corresponding to a certain extent agricultural production experience, there is the general agricultural education or agricultural professional education for farmers. The third is the professional training of peasants. In the professional and commercial production ,the farmers need to learn specialized knowledge and need re-training. The fourth is the promotion of technical training. The experience of Ukraine points out the types of training the experience of farmers, including farmers training centers, training farms, training team of farmers, rural youth clubs. The last one is the comparison of development of rural human resources home and abroad: First, unlike the institutions of higher learning abroad, domestic agricultural education in general education is different from vocational education, adult education. Second, foreign institutions have very good solution to the students "import" and "export" problem, and teach close with reality ,but most domestic rural students are reluctant to return to farms, so many diverts to other areas. Third, the developed countries have basically achieved that farmers can go universities, but higher education of China for farmers have not yet been realized. Fourth, the extension of development of rural human resources abroad should be much larger than the domestic, which enrich the content. Foreign human resource development in rural areas includes agricultural production, rural development, family life, health care, marketing, but human resources for domestic farmers is mainly in the development of practical technology to promote agricultural production. Fifth, the teams in the development of human resources in rural areas are enterprises and the society volunteers while domestic support to the promotion is only the government. Sixth, management mechanism of development of human resources in rural areas abroad is better than the domestic operation mechanism and is conducive to agriculture industrialization and scientific research with the development which the domestics cannot achieve.The third part points out the characteristics and realities in rural human resources development of Northeast China. As the role of the dissemination of information and international migrants in the development of human resources in rural areas is temporarily less obvious, the paper analyses human resources development of Northeast China mainly from three areas such as the education and training, science and technology inputs, health care protection. And then it points out utilization status of the rural human resources in northeast black soil areas. At present, to make full use of human resources in rural areas there are two kinds of manifestations. First is the rural human resources from rural to urban transfers, mainly for the upgrading of urbanization rate and the flow of migrant workers. Second, the rural areas of human resources from agriculture to non-agriculture transfer is that the township enterprises absorb surplus rural labor. Finally, it notes the cause of the problem in development and utilization of human resources. Generally summarized as follows: First, the human factor includes workers quantity, quality, level, education and training inputs. The second is the transfer of the rural industrial structure, economic development mode. The third is the rural geographical environment including development of rural social productive forces, traditional habits.The fourth part points out the strategic measures for rural human resources development and utilization in the black soil areas of Northeast China. First, it needs to update the concept of the rural human resources development in Northeast China. The government should change their functions as soon as possible, and play a leading role in the northeast area .Farmers should strengthen their awareness. Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen development of education and training of human resources in the Northeast black areas, strengthen basic education in rural areas, actively develop vocational education, vigorously develop the rural adults education and strengthen construction of learning organization. Thirdly, it needs to perfect human resources market system, establish rural human resources development and evaluation system, and improve the human resources market system. Fourthly, it needs to improve rural soil protection policy.更多还原