【作者】 叶文；

【导师】 李振基；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 生态学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在深入福建省永安天宝岩国家级自然保护区和福建明溪君子峰自然保护区的采集与标本鉴定的基础上,进一步搜集考证福建藓类研究的文献资料,整理出福建已鉴定的藓类名录。结果表明福建藓类植物共有46科,206属,613种(含种以下单位),其中,福建新纪录种7种。1.含10种及10种以上的优势科有19个,丛藓科种数最多(65种),曲尾藓科(53种)和灰藓科(45种)次之,优势科中既有温带分布科,也有热带分布科和世界分布科。19个优势科共含142属,491种,分别占福建藓类植物科总数的41.30%,属总数的68.93%,种总数的80.10%。2.含10种(包括10种)以上的优势属有14个,所含的藓类种数为182,占福建省藓类总种数的29.69%,其中凤尾藓属在福建分布有28种。少种属和单种属在福建藓类组成中占总属数86%以上,单种属有93个,充分体现了其复杂性和古老性。3.查对了福建藓类的在全球的地理分布,按吴征镒和王荷生(1983)提出的种子植物区系类型首次将福建藓类植物归为13个地理区系成分,其中东亚分布及其变型共有186种,占总种数(除世界分布,下同)32.29%,构成了福建藓类区系的主体,体现出福建藓类区系与喜马拉雅区系和日本区系的联系性。热带性成分(包括泛热带分布及其变型、热带亚洲与热带美洲间断分布、旧世界热带分布及其变型、热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布及其变型、热带亚洲至热带非洲分布及其变型和热带亚洲分布及其变型)和温带性成分(包括北温带分布及其变型、东亚和北美洲间断分布及其变型、旧世界温带分布及其变型、温带亚洲分布及其变型、东亚分布及其变型和中国特有分布)分别占总种数的30.04%和69.96%。福建藓类植物区系表现出以温带成分为主的特征。4.研究中发现福建新纪录种7种,分别是Anomodon viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. & Tayl、Atrichum yakushimense (Hor.) Mizushima、Ditrichum cylindricum (Hedw.) Grout、Neonoguchia auriculata (Copp. ex Thér.) S.-H. Lin、Pelekium versicolor (Hornsch. ex Muell.) Touw、Racopilum ferriei Thér.、Schistomitrium nieuwenhuisi Fleisch,分属于7科7属。5.福建与江西的藓类植物既有地理关系上的亲缘关系,又有各自的特点。在物种多样性方面,应用丰富度指数消除面积的影响后,福建与江西在科的丰富度上分别为3.84和3.91,而在属和种的水平上,福建藓类多样性要高于江西。福建与江西藓类植物的相似性体现了一定的亲缘性。科的相似性指数在88%以上,属也保持在66%以上,而在种的水平上,相似性系数ISJ和ISC分别为42.84%和59.98%。扣除世界分布成分影响后,福建与江西的藓类种的相似性达到了52.57%,可以推断藓类植物在武夷山脉的东南和西北坡之间,通过远距离传布和近距离扩散进行着迁移和交流。福建与江西在藓类植物地理区系成分上呈现出一定的延续性,均显示出较强的东亚性质。北温带成分在福建和江西都得到充分的发展,尤其在江西,占总种数比例的28.79%,接近东亚成分。就热带性与温带性成分进行比较,热带性成分呈现出由福建向江西减少的趋势,而温带性成分则由福建向江西增加。在苔藓植物经由横断山区,自喜马拉雅向台湾迁移的路线上,福建是重要的节点,对于其藓类植物的多样性,有必要进行更深入的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the specimens that collected from Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve of Yong’an, Fujian and Junzifeng Nature Reserve of Fujian, and the mosses literature published by December of 2006, the checklist of Fujian mosses is given, the composition and mosses flora are analyzed, also the differences between Fujian and Jiangxi mosses are compared. The checklist contains 613 identified specific and subspecific names, assigned to 46 families and 206 genera, which includes 7 new records in Fujian.1. Families contained 10 species or more are considered as dominant families. Pottiaceae is topping the 19 preponderant families with 65 species, followed by Dicranaceae with 53 species and Hypnaceae with 45. The dominant families which including temperate distribution types, worldwide distribution type and tropical distribution types, contained 142 genera and 491 species, represent 41.30% of the entire families, 68.93% of the genera, and 80.10% of mosses species in Fujian, China.2. 14 dominant genra that contained 10 or more species make up 29.69% of mosses species in Fujian, with Fissidens ahead of all the others with 28 species. Meanwhile, the genera contained few species or only one species represent above 86% of the entire moss genera in Fujian. 93 genera in Fujian have only one speices, indicated the complexity of genera composing of Fujian mosses.3. Based on the geographical distribution throughout the world of all Fujian’s mosses species, according to Wu and Wang’s (1983) and Wu’s (1991) areal-types of seed plants, 13 areal-types of mosses in Fujian, China were first proposed. East Asia areal-type predominate all these elements with 186 species, representing 32.29% of the entire species excluded Cosmopolitan, therefore shows the connection between mosses flora of Fujian and Japan, as well as that of Fujian and Himalayas. The tropical areal-types, including Pantropic, Tropical Asia and Tropical America disjuncted, Old World tropic, Tropical Asia and Tropical Australasia, Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa, along with Tropical Asia, represent 30.04% of entire species excluded cosmopolitans. Together with temperate areal-types, which including North Temperate, East Asia and North America disjuncted, Old World Temperate, Temperate Asia, East Asia, and Endemic to China, therefore representing 69.96% of entire species excluded cosmopolitans. The temperate areal-types dominated the Fujian mosses flora.4. The checklist includs 7 new records in Fujian, Anomodon viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. & Tayl、Atrichum yakushimense (Hor.) Mizushima、Ditrichum cylindricum (Hedw.) Grout、Neonoguchia auriculata (Copp. ex Thér.) S.-H. Lin、Pelekium versicolor (Hornsch. ex Muell.) Touw、Racopilum ferriei Thér.、Schistomitrium nieuwenhuisi Fleisch, belonged to 7 genera, 7 famalilies.5. The moss flora of Fujian seems related to the moss flora of Jiangxi, while both carried their own characters.In general, Fujian reserves a higher level of moss biodiversity. The richness index was used to decrease the influence caused by different area covers, and the indices of Fujian and Jiangxi are 3.84 and 3.91 on family level respectively, while on genera level are 8.67 and 8.32 respectively, and when it comes to species, are 52.28 and 40.09 respectively.A certain relation can be told based on the similarity between Fujian and Jiangxi mosses. In moss families of Fujian and Jiangxi, the similarity indices are above 88%, while still more than 66% in genera. And the values of ISJ and ISC are 42.84% and 59.98% respectively on species level. The similarity of species from Fujian and Jiangxi reached 52.57% after excluded Cosmopolitan, hint at certain kinds of intercommunion within Fujian and Jiangxi mosses, which could both occur at long distance-spreading abroad or nearby diffisions.The somewhat strong East Asia character shows the continuity within Fujian and Jiangxi mosses flora, although they differed in other ways. The North Temperate were unlikely to be underestimate, they reached 28.79% of entire species excluded Cosmopolitan in Jiangxi, very close to East Asia. As take tropical areal-types and temperate areal-types under comparison, the former one shows a general decrease from Fujian to Jiangxi, while the latter one turns the other way round. The role Fujian play on the migration of bryophytes from Himalayas passing through Hengduan Moutains to Taiwan, which is as an important node, make it a worthwhile place for further research in moss biodiversity.更多还原