【作者】 张玲；

【导师】 肖启明；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 植物保护， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 柑橘全爪螨是柑橘的一种重要害虫之一,严重危害柑橘的树势,影响柑橘的产量和品质,因此防治柑橘全爪螨具有重要意义。本文为研发防治柑橘全爪螨的新农药制剂,从室内药剂筛选、剂型加工以及田间防治等方面进行了研究。1.药剂筛选:选取目前市场常用的9种原药,运用双面胶法进行初筛,筛选出效果较好的甲氨基阿维菌素、吡虫啉、高效氯氰菊酯、苯丁锡、哒螨灵及苦参碱等6种药剂进行复筛。复筛按两种原药复配,得到毒力和增效俱佳的配比高效氯氟氰菊酯:甲氨基阿维菌素（1:1）作为加工配比,其LC₅₀为1.2079μg/mL,CTC分别为336.34,表现出较好的增效作用,进入室内剂型加工试验。2.室内剂型加工:根据高效氯氟氰菊酯和甲氨基阿维菌素的理化性质,确定加工2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯:甲氨基阿维菌素微乳剂。进行了助溶剂、表面活性剂以及水质的选择性试验,结果表明:甲醇:乙酸乙酯（6:1）显示很好的性状,用量为6%～10%;乳化剂SQ-6和305均可获得稳定的外观,用量在6%～10%左右;水选用自来水即可。经加工得到配方WXG-1和WXG-2制剂,经质量检测结果表明:储存10个月后外观透明,乳化性能良好:热储后平均分解率分别为3.25%和2.24%;冷储后也合格,且生物测定结果LC₅₀分别为3.25721μg/mL和2.7721μg/mL,结果较好,进入田间试验。3.田间试验:将两种制剂WXG-1和WXG-2的进行田间药效试验。以73%克螨特EC、10%哒螨灵EC、20%灭扫利EC、15%扫螨净EC、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC、5%甲氨基阿维菌素EC等药剂为对照药剂,对2.56%WXG-1 SC,2.52%WXG-2 SC,于2006年4月和9月进行了2次田间防治试验。结果表明:2.56%WXG-1 SC,2.52%WXG-2 SC 1500x及2000x药后3天药效均在70%左右,与对照药剂4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC及5%甲氨基阿维菌素EC相比稍差,但差异不明显。药后10天,其处理防效均在90%左右,表现出较好的速效性;药后20天,各处理防效均有不同程度的降低,但是2.56%WXG-1 SC,2.52%WXG-2 SC1500x及2000x仍保持在70%左右。药害试验表明使用安全,无药害。因此,加工制剂2.56%WXG-1 SC及2.52%WXG-2 SC可运用于田间防治柑橘全爪螨,推荐使用倍数为1500～2000x。更多还原

【Abstract】 Panoneychus citri is one of the most important pests to citri,which seriously damage growth status,quality and output of citri.Therfore controlling the damaging of Panoneychus citri has very important senses.This paper have studied on screening, formulation in lab and control in field of acaricide against Panoneychus citri.1.Pesticides of screening:Primarily screening was held with nine insecticides against the Panoneychus citri by double gluing.The results indicated that emamectin, imidacloprid,beta-cypermethrin,fenpropathrin,fenbutatin oxide,pyridaben,matrine had better effects than other insecticides and entered the re-screening between two insecticides.The proportions of beta-cypermethrin to methylamino abamectin（1:1） showed best toxicity,which of LC50 and CTC were 1.2079μg/mL and 336.34 respectively.2.Pesticides formulation:According to the physical and chemical characters of beta-cypermethrin and methylamino abamectin,the microemulsion of 2.5% beta-cypermethrin and methylamino abamectin was sure to formulate.So held the selection experiment on cosolvents,surfactants and water quality respectively.The result indicated that methanol to ethyl acetate（6:1）with 6～10%quantity and emulsifier SQ-6 or 305 with 6～10%quantity got stabile and good characters and chose drink water as formulating water.So got two formulation WXG-1 and WXG-2. The detection results indicated that the formulations was clear and well emulsification characters.The average decomposition ratio were only 3.25%and 2.24%respectively after heating.Also qualified after cooling and the bio-assay results expressed very well efficacy and the Lc₅₀were 3.2575μg/mL and 2.7721μg/mL respectively.So held the field trial to check the efficacy.3.The field trial of the two formulation:2.56%WXG-1 and 2.52 WXG-2 were carried out field trial in April and September,2006 with 73%propargite EC, 10%pyridabenEC,20%fenpropathrin EC,15%pyridaben,4.5%beta-cypermethrin and 5%methylamino abamectin as controls.The results indicated that the efficacy of WXG-1 and WXG-2 almost reached 70%after spraying 3 days,a litter lower than those of 4.5%beta-cypermethrin and 5%methylamino abamectin.However,the difference was insignificant.After spraying 10 days,the efficacys of all treatments almost reached 90%and showed very good quick efficacy,what’s more,there were not significant between the treatments.After spraying 20d,the efficacys of all treatments reduce some levels,but those of 1500 times and 2000 times of WXG-1 and WXG-2 still remained almost 70%without damaging to citri during the experiment.So WXG-1 and WXG-2 could be practiced in the controlling Panoneychus citri with 1500 times to 2000 times.更多还原