【作者】 孔祥东；

【导师】 刘保玉；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 祭奠权纠纷近年来呈现日益增多趋势,由于现行法律没有规定,导致实践中裁判不一,影响了司法的统一性和权威性,实有探讨之必要。本文正文共分五部分:第一部分:对“祭奠权”概念的法律考问。笔者从对概念的分析着笔,分析认为在法律语境下,使用“祭奠”比“祭祀”、“哀悼”更为准确。着力通过分析祭奠活动是一种社会风俗、体现着近亲属的精神利益、其法律性质为法益,得出了祭奠权应受法律保护的结论。第二部分:祭奠权的基本问题分析。从法益的角度对祭奠权进行定义,分析认为祭奠权具有身份依附性、形式性和程序性、主体范围限定性和顺序性。分析得出祭奠权的内容为:参加丧葬礼仪以及其他祭奠活动、表明身份关系、保护祭奠性纪念物品不受损害、参与决定祭奠有关事项等,祭奠权人负有通知、协助配合和尊重逝者遗愿的义务。第三部分:民法视域中祭奠权纠纷类型化分析。笔者从司法实务的角度,以祭奠活动的形式载体和物质载体不同,将各类祭奠权纠纷分为祭奠仪式和程序中发生的诉讼、祭奠性纪念物品引发的诉讼两大类,并在两大类之下又进行六个小类型区分。从具体案例引起,对各个类型的祭奠权纠纷进行具体分析。第四部分:祭奠权的法律保护路径。笔者认为,可以通过适用其他权利、如所有权、名誉权、亲属权等法律保护规则,实现对祭奠权的间接保护,还可以通过适用公序良俗原则保护祭奠权。适用规则进行法律保护具有一事一议、缺乏计划性、缺少理论铺垫和保护可能不周的缺点,适用公序良俗原则进行法律保护更具有广泛适用性。第五部分:结语。笔者认为,祭奠权在目前的法律框架内还只能作为一项法益进行保护,当祭奠权纠纷在社会生活中越来越为人瞩目时,就应当及时出台司法解释或立法规定,对此类纠纷制定统一的裁判规则,提供法律依据,这就使对祭奠权的法律保护成为常态。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the past few years, dissensions about participating sacrificial ceremony have been greatly increasing.Such dissensions are not prescribed in the present laws, which causes the judgments different in the practice, so the unity and authority of the judicature are affected. It is necessary to discuss it.There are five parts in this paper:Part one: To discuss the concept of the right of participating sacrificial ceremony. The author starts the article with analyzing the concepts concerned the right of participating sacrificial ceremony, including "sacrifice" and "mourning ", and finally the author think it more accurate to use "the right of participating sacrificial ceremony" than "sacrifice" and "mourning ". The author uses a large paragraph to analyze the activities of participating sacrificial ceremony, concluding that as a social custom, it embodies the family’s mental benefits. In the situation of law, its nature is a kind of legal benefit, so the author draws a conclusion that the right of participating sacrificial ceremony should be protected by law.Part two: analysis of the basic problems on the right of participating sacrificial ceremony.The author defines the right of participating sacrificial ceremony from the angle of legal benefit.After carefully analyzing, the author thinks that the right of participating sacrificial ceremony has the character of clinging to one’s identity, formality and proceeding,limited range of subjects and sequence of subjects.The contents of the right of participating sacrificial ceremony include: participating the funeral ceremony and other sacrificial activities, manifesting one’s identity,protecting the sacrificial things from bing damaged, and attending the other things concerning with sacrifice,etc. People,who enjoy the right of participating sacrificial ceremony,have the responsibilities for informing the other relatives,helping and cooperating with the other relatives and respecting the dead’s will.Part three: classifying dissensions of the right of participating sacrificial ceremony from the angle of civil law.From the angle of judicial practice and according to the difference of the sacrificial forms and substances,the author divides the dissensions into two kinds: one which arises in the sacrificial ceremony and procedure and the other one which is caused by the sacrificial things.Then the author divides the two kinds into six types in detail.Moreover,every type of dissensions was analyzed at large using detailed cases.Part four: legal ways to protect the right of participating sacrificial ceremony.The author thinks that rules of protecting ownership, right of reputation and kinfolk can be applied to protecting the right of participating sacrificial ceremony,which have some faults, such as taking the matter as is stands,lack of plan,shortage of theory foreshadowing, not protecting it completely and so on.On the contrary,the doctrine of pubic order and good custom can more widely protect the right of participating sacrificial ceremony than the rules.Part five: concluding remarks.The author thinks that the right of participating sacrificial ceremony should only be protected as a kind of legal benefit in the present legal frame.As the dissensions about participating sacrificial ceremony become more and more prominent, judicial explanations or legislative regulations should be issued to unify the juridical criterion on this kind of dissentions and provide legal foundations,which makes it normal to protect the right of participating sacrificial ceremony legally.更多还原