【作者】 康晓荣；

【导师】 詹健；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 水利水电， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,由于地表水体污染日益严重,常规水处理工艺的局限性以及水质标准的日趋严格,开发高效、健康的饮用水处理工艺已经变得刻不容缓。近年来,在对赣江流域的调查中发现赣江部分水源已经污染,一些河段水质达不到饮用水取水水源水质标准。水质污染若得不到有效治理,赣江流域的城市将面临着水质型缺水的危机。以赣江和赣江支流为取水水源的部分水厂,由于常规处理工艺的局限性,出厂水中常含有较多的污染物质。鉴于此,本文针对南昌某饮用水水源的污染情况,配置试验用水,采用微絮凝一砂滤—超滤组合工艺处理,并对处理效果和运行工况进行研究。试验选择的混凝剂为Al₂（SO₄）₃和FeCl₃,对微污染地表水的处理效果和对膜过滤性能的影响进行比较。研究发现,FeCl₃比Al₂（SO₄）₃对污染物质有更好的去除效果,但是对超滤膜的污染情况比使用Al₂（SO₄）₃作为混凝剂时严重;在采用Al₂（SO₄）₃作为混凝剂时,工艺运行既能达到对污染物质的去除,又能保证超滤膜良好的运行。随着混凝剂的投加量的增加,对污染物质的去除率效果也就越好,但也使膜通量不断地减小。通过比较发现,Al₂（SO₄）₃投加量在3mg/l时,保证了对污染物质的去除效果,同时也能获得较好的膜通量,UV254的去除率在80%以上,氨氮的去除率在60%左右,浊度一直保持在0.5NTU以下,出水水质稳定,能够满足生活用水要求。超滤膜运行过程中发现通过短时间的水力正冲洗和反冲洗对膜进行清洗,能够获得较高的膜通量,满足工艺连续运行的要求。在使用化学药剂对膜进行化学清洗中发现,使用浓度2%NaOH的清洗效果最好,通过清洗,恢复到较高膜通量,也说明膜的主要污染物质是易溶于碱的微小颗粒的有机物。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, due to surface water pollution is becoming increasingly serious, the limitations of conventional water treatment process and the increasingly stringent water quality standards, the development of efficient, and healthy drinking water treatment process has become imperative.In recent years,during the survey of the Ganjiang River,it is found that some Ganjiang water was polluted.Water quality of some reaches is III water quality standards. If water pollution is not effectively controlled, the cities located at Ganjiang River are facing water shortage. Some waterworks, due to the limitations of conventional treatment process,draw Ganjiang River and tributaries water to produce purified water, the factory’s water often contain much pollutant. As a result, In view of contaminative situation of some drinking water source in Nanchang,the water prepared for experiment is collocated, and the practical use of the micro-flocculation- sand filtrating - ultrafiltration combined process is rearched in this paper.By adding the coagulant of Al₂ （SO₄）₃ and FeCl₃, it compared the micro-polluted surface water treatment effect and the impact of membrane filtration capability , and studied the long-term stability of operation of the combined process. It has found that, compared with Al₂ （SO₄）₃, FeCl₃ has the better removal effect of pollutant, but it causes more serious pollution to the ultrafiltration membrane By contraries,using Al₂（SO₄）₃ as the coagulan,it can not only remove the conta minated materials,but also keep the good running ability of the ultrafiltration film. In adding coagulant Al₂ （SO₄）₃, as the coagulant dosage increases, the re moval effect of the contaminated materials will be better, but it will also cause the decreasing of the membrane flux. By comparison,it will obtain better removal effect of pollutant and better membrane flux when the adding dosage of Al₂（SO₄）₃ is the 3 mg/l.when the coagulant dosage is 3 mg / l,and the ultrafiltration combined process is long-term running , the UV254 removal rate is over 80%,and the ammonia-nitrogen removal rate is around 60%,while the turbidity has remained below 0.5 NTU,then the outlet water quality is steady-going,so it can meet the daily water demand.it is found that during the ultrafiltration membrane running cause, if the membrane is cleaned by short-time hydraulic washing and backwashing,it can obtain higher membrane flux and meet the demand of continuous running process. When using chemical to do chemical cleaning of the membrane,it is found that,when the consistency of NaOH is 2% ,it will get the most effective cleaning.It will restore higher membrane flux by cleaning,and it is also proved that the organic matter which is micro-granule and easily dissolved in alkali is the main pollutant of the membrane.更多还原