【作者】 顾学文；

【导师】 宋炳延；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 外国哲学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 自由问题一直是海德格尔所关注的主题。从广义的角度说，海德格尔的整个哲学体系都是对自由的诠释，无论是前期的《存在与时间》中关于此在及此在生存状态的现象学描述，还是后期对真理、语言、艺术本源的追问及对技术的反思等等，其实都可以看作是对自由的不同层面的意义的揭示或开启。可见，从海德格尔的自由观入手，可以把握其整个思想体系的精髓，从而更好地理解其存在主义哲学思想。现在，人类社会正面临许多问题，针对这些问题，国内外许多哲学家都从不同的观点、不同的角度加以思考，都在反思人与世界的关系问题。海德格尔的自由观正是对人与世界关系的精辟论述，他对自由的理解无疑为当代社会提供了一个可资借鉴的视角。在西方哲学沿着柏拉图开创的路线发展了两千多年之后，海德格尔又重新提出了“存在的意义”这一古老的问题。海德格尔在批判传统形而上学主客二分的基础上运用现象学的方法对存在进行了重新考察，发现存在是通过一种与众不同的“存在者”——“此在”，来显示自身的存在。海德格尔正是在对此在的生存状态的分析中阐释了其自由观，即此在的本真生存就是自由。本文由三个部分组成。第一部分简要叙述了传统形而上学尤其是德国古典哲学中自由思想发展的脉络，探讨了海德格尔是如何批判和继承了传统形而上学自由观。第二部分论述其存在论自由观。前半段通过对此在生存论结构的分析，论述了“此在的本真生存即自由”这一核心思想。后半段通过对真理的源始意义的分析揭示了“自由即存在者之解蔽”的自由观。论文的第三部分分析了海地格尔如何通过对自由的阐释使存在的意义得以澄明，探讨了海德格尔自由观对当今社会关于人与世界关系问题的启示意义。海德格尔被人们誉为20世纪最深刻、最有影响的思想家之一，其思想体系繁杂晦涩，要理解、研究海德格尔思想是困难的，而且表述这种理解和研究也是困难的，继承和发展他的思想就更困难。本文力图从其自由观入手，以其反对传统形而上学主客二分为出发点，以存在的澄明为过程，以诗意的生活为结果，力求能理出其对人学之思的脉络，对其哲学思想管中窥豹。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heidegger paid much attention to the question of freedom. Heidegger’s entire philosophy was an illustration about freedom. Actually , both the phenomenological description about Dasein and reconsidering about the truth, the language, the artist, the technology can be regarded as explanation about the significance of the freedom. Obviously, from Heidegger’s view of freedom, we can obtain the essence of his thought and understand his existential philosophy better.Now, The human society is encountering many questions and many philosophers are looking for solutions from different angle and point, reconsidering the relationship between human and the world. Heidegger’s view of freedom is particular statement about this relationship. His understanding about freedom provides a useful way to the contemporary society.After the western philosophy has developed for more than 2,000 years along the route built by Plato, Heidegger brought forward the old question—what is the significance of Being. Heidegger reconsidered the Being and found that Being demonstrates itself through a special existent—Dasein. Heidegger described his view of freedom through analysis about Dasein’s survival condition. In his view, he thought freedom is Dasein’s existing truth. This article consists three parts. The first part briefly states the venation of the view of freedom of the traditional metaphysics, particularly Germanic classical philosophy, and discusses how Heidegger criticized and inherited the view of freedom of traditional metaphysics. The second part dissertates Heidegger’s existential view of freedom. The first demi-section analyses Dasein’s ontological structure and expounds that the main point of freedom is Dasein’s existing truth. The latter demi-section discusses the viewpoint that the freedom is existent’s uncovering. The third part both analyses how Heidegger made the significance of freedom to unhiddeness and discusses the significance of Heidegger’s view of freedom to the relationship between human and the world in contemporary society.Heidegger was considered as one of the most profound and influential thinkers in 20^th century. His thought was difficult to understand. It is also difficult to research and develop his thought. The purpose of this article is to understand Heidegger’s humanistic idea from his view of freedom .更多还原