【作者】 吴美琴；

【导师】 李常洪；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 当今时代，知识已成为创造财富的主要源泉，通过合作实现知识的共创与共享已成为当今组织走向成功的关键。对于企业而言，企业创新是企业竞争优势的源泉。所以，企业需要将竞争方式从传统的竞争转向以合作为基础的竞争，竞争的主体也从企业转向企业的联合体、供应链。从技术发展趋势来看，过去二十年出现的全新的技术较少，但是由不同产业内技术交叉、融合而产生的创新却很多，创新的价值活动可能发生在生产经营过程的每一个环节中。从资源配置角度来讲，合作创新有利于资源的优化配置及发展企业的核心能力。合作创新不仅实现了资源和能力的共享，有利于企业间的技术学习和技术转移，更重要的是，合作的协同效应能够创造新的资源和能力。实践证明，合作作为一种技术创新的重要模式，为社会经济发展带来了巨大的影响。合作创新符合我国经济技术发展的国情。基于此，本文构建了合作技术创新研究的理论框架。由于企业是合作创新的主体，因此将企业间的合作创新作为研究重点。对企业合作创新形成的动因、作用机制、创新战略、社会规范等做了深入的探讨。本文又引入了多Agent技术，构造出了基于多Agent合作的技术创新模型，利用多Agent系统仿真现实当中的企业之间的技术溢出及合作实现创新的过程，并对合作创新的过程中的技术溢出进行了深入剖析。1、本文对各国合作创新系统进行了比较研究，从资源能力理论、博弈论及交易成本理论等多个角度出发，研究了企业合作创新的动机，并且着重将与技术的相关动机进行了分析。将合作创新的主体、其他参与者及外部环境看作一个大系统，对不同组织之间的合作进行了研究，并从多个角度给出了企业技术创新的战略。2、通过研究合作技术创新的内部耦合机制，提出了合作技术创新的构件理论。通过“技术产品——活动”这一耦合体的进化模型，研究了合作中的技术进化的过程。由于合作技术创新的关键问题是如何将参与合作技术创新要素主体联接起来，因此，本文对合作创新的联接机制也做了详细的探讨。3、运用博弈论给出了基于多Agent企业合作实现创新的模型，研究了企业合作当中的技术溢出的问题。通过仿真实验，发现增加信任机制能够形成稳定的合作；广泛的技术溢出能使参与合作的企业技术收益快速提高；有核心企业为成员企业提供技术平台或者具有领导者企业可以长期维持合作系统的稳定，表明了成熟的合作模式有利于实现持久的合作创新，比在单纯的信任机制下能够更显著地促进技术溢出。4、合作创新是企业的实践过程，理论的探讨固然重要，但实证研究同样不能忽视。本文不仅对合作创新的理论进行了探讨，建立了模型用以仿真，并且采用微软的案例进行了实证分析。5、在基本的仿真结果的基础上，我们对基本模型进行了扩展，建立了两阶段模型来研究不同形式的合作创新的不同绩效，对企业合作创新过程中的组织模式安排进行初步的分析，为其仿真研究做好理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 In nowadays, knowledge is the main headspring of the wealth creation. The co-creation and share of knowledge by cooperation is the key of the organization in the success of innovation. In the view of the enterprise, the enterprise innovation is the headspring of the enterprise competitive advantage. Enterprise needs should change the complete competition to the competition based on cooperation. And the competitive unit transfer from enterprise to the combo and supplier-chain of enterprises.In the view of the development trend of technology, the new technology is few in the past twenty years, but there are plenty of innovations brought up by introjections of different technology. The value activity of innovation may happen in the process of produce and distribution. In the view of resource configuration, cooperative innovation is benefit to optimization of the resource configuration and developing the core competence of enterprise. Cooperative innovation realizes the share of the resource and the competence, and it in favor of the studying and transferring of technology. And more important reason is that the cooperation effect can create the new resource and competence. Practices proved that cooperation has huge effects in the development of society and economic as an important pattern to technology innovation. Cooperative innovation accords with the situation of our country on the development of economic and technology.This paper studies on the motivation of the cooperative innovation, function mechanism and the choice of innovation stratagem. Because of the enterprise is the main body of cooperative innovation, we consider the cooperative innovation among enterprises as the research emphases. This paper introduces the Multi-Agent technology. We construct the model of cooperative innovation based on Multi-Agent System (MAS) . The model simulates the innovation process of the cooperation among enterprises and we analyze the technology spillover in the process of cooperative innovation in-depth.1. This paper studies on the innovation system of many countries. In the point of resource and competence theory, game theory and trade cost theory, we study the enterprise’s motivation of cooperative innovation and analyze the motivation related with technology study. We consider the innovation main body, other participator and external environments as a big system, and by the researching of cooperation among different organization we bring up the stratagem of innovation from different aspects.2. By studying on the interior coupling mechanism of cooperative innovation, we bring up the component of cooperative innovation. We also study on the process of the technology evolution in the cooperation by the "technology-product" model. Because the key of technology cooperative innovation is how to join the innovation individual, this paper also discusses the join mechanism of the cooperative innovation.3. We construct the model of enterprise cooperative innovation based on the Multi-Agent by using the game theory and study on the technology spillover in the process of enterprise cooperation. We found that the mass and wide technology cooperation can enhance the enterprises technology income. Because a core enterprise provides a technology platform, cooperation system can be stable in a long term. It is obviously that the credit mechanism can enhance the level of technology spillover and keep the high level stable.4. Cooperative innovations are enterprise’s practical process, the demonstration is as important as theory. This paper not only discusses the theory of cooperative innovation and construct the model, but also gives a demonstration about Microsoft Company.5. In the foundation of the basic simulation, we construct the other models: the different performance between independent innovation and cooperative innovation, that is the organizational pattern arrange in the process of cooperative innovation of enterprise.更多还原