【作者】 梁小松；

【导师】 戴华国；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从饵剂筛选、白蚁分类及其在检疫中的应用三个方面对进口木材携带的白蚁进行了研究。利用“Y”型嗅觉仪及触角电位技术(EAG)筛选饵剂：研究了白蚁对甘蔗粉、松花粉、香草酸、柠檬醛、木耳粉、银耳粉的嗅觉及EAG反应；并利用筛选出的几种铒剂进行复配，在木材检疫中加以应用和检验；测定了温度、水分、诱集时间和诱捕器设置等对诱集效果的影响。利用固相微萃取(SPME)技术对白蚁的表皮碳氢化合物进行了萃取；并比较了几种萃取方法的萃取效果。采用GC-MS对进口木材中检出白蚁的表皮碳氢化合物进行了分析，研究了不同科、属、种白蚁间表皮碳氢化合物在组成和含量上的差异，并结合形态学研究，探讨了表皮碳氢化合物在外来种白蚁分类中的应用价值。“Y”型嗅觉仪的测定结果表明，家白蚁对0.1μL╱mL的柠檬醛，10μg／mL的香草酸，以及对木耳粉有明显趋性；而对10μL／mL的柠檬醛有明显忌避性；大家白蚁对1μL／mL的柠檬醛及木耳粉的趋性最为明显。利用EAG技术，对柠檬醛、香草酸、木耳粉等几种物质进行的触角电位测定结果表明，家白蚁对香草酸的反应值高于大家白蚁；随着刺激物浓度的增高其EAG反应值也随之增高；说明白蚁对这几种物质有一定趋性，可以在白蚁诱集中应用。对非洲、大洋州、美洲、东南亚进口木材中原木、集装箱内白蚁诱集试验的结果表明，配制的5种饵剂中TB03、TB04效果较好。温度在25～30℃之间，原木有一定湿度的情况下有利于白蚁的诱集。诱捕器需放置24小时，为达到最佳效果可放置24～48小时；诱捕时将诱捕器放置于白蚁蚁道上方为好．比较了SPME与正己烷萃取法对白蚁表皮碳氢化合物的萃取效果，确定了最佳萃取时间、温度及其有效吸附萃取头。GC-MS的分析结果表明，用固相微萃取直接萃取，比传统的正己烷萃取，以及用萃取头从白蚁正己烷浸泡液中萃取的萃取率高。对不同科、属的6个外来种白蚁表皮碳氢化合物的分析结果表明，6种白蚁共含有碳氢化合物45种。统计分析的结果表明，椰子锯白蚁与近明大白蚁亲缘关系较近，两者与栗褐须白蚁亲缘关系也较近；圣克努斯新白蚁与截头堆沙白蚁亲缘关系较近；而5种白蚁与曲颚乳白蚁亲缘关系较远；这与形态学分类的结果较为接近。对不同种白蚁表皮碳氢化合物的分析结果表明，两个不同属的11种白蚁共含有43种碳氢化合物成分。统计分析的结果表明，9种乳白蚁的亲缘关系较近，这与形态学分类的鉴定结果较为接近；其中曲颚乳白蚁与端明乳白蚁的亲缘关系最近；而塞旁乳白蚁与另外8种乳白蚁的亲缘关系较远；2种新白蚁的亲缘关系较为接近。对不同进口地区同种白蚁表皮碳氢化合物的分析结果表明，同种白蚁的表皮碳氢化合物组成相对稳定，证明用表皮碳氢化合物分析法进行白蚁鉴定具有一定的可靠性。实验结果表明，以表皮碳氢化合物的组分和含量进行白蚁分类，具有一定分类价值，可以为难以鉴定的外来种白蚁的种类确定提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation studied developing trap and taxonomy of termite by analyzing cuticular hydrocarbons, and its application in plant quarantine. The behavioral responses of termite to different concentrations of several new baits, sugarcane powder, pine pollen, vanillic acid, citral, blackfungns powder and whitefungus powder, were studied in "Y" type olfactometer. Several baits screened were mixed and their effects were tested in timber quarantine. Effects of temperature, moisture time and setup of trap on number of termite trapped were studied. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to identify the cuticular hydrocarbons of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. The differences of the termite cuticular hydrocarbons components and quantity in different famlila, genus and species were studied, and the application of cuticular hydrocarbons analysis in classification of alien termite combining with the morphological characteristics was discussed.The behavior responses of two termites species to several substances of different concentrations were studied by using the "Y" olfactometer. The results showed that Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were significantly attracted to 0.1μL/mL Citral, 10μg/mL vanillic acid and powder of blackfungus. 10μL/mL Citral was distasteful to Coptotermes formosanus. Coptotermes curvignathus was significantly attracted to 1μL/mL Citral and agaric powder. Citral, Vanillic acid, sugarcane powder, pine pollen and powder of blackfungus all elicited electroantennal responses in FAG test.The results showed that termites were significantly attracted to TB03 and TB04 in rollway and container from Africa, Oceania, America and Southeast Asia. The most suitable environment temperature for trapping was from 25 to 30℃, and the high humidity is suitable for trapping termites. The trap should set for more than 24 hours, and the orifice should set above the termite ant channel.The cuticular hydrocarbon extracted from termites by Solid-phase microextraction and hexane was analyzed by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Headspace SPME was evaluated and compared to the hexane extraction method. Variables, such as temperature, time and the type of SPME fiber were evaluated. The results of the GC-MS analyses of headspace SPME of these cuticular hydrocarbon solid samples were much better than those obtained with hexane extraction of cuticular hydrocarbon from 20 termites followed by either headspace SPME or direct injection due to higher absorption efficiency. The simplicity of this technique renders a very suitable method for research on the cuticular hydrocarbon.The analysis results of the termite cuticular hydrocarbons of different famlila and genus showed that there was discrepancy in the cuticular hydrocarbons components and quantity of these six kinds of termites: Coptotermes currigbathus, Microcerotermes biroi, Hospitalitermes jepsoni, Macrotermes subhyalinus, Neotermes Santae-crucis, Crytotermes domesticus which belongs to Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae and Kalotermitidae, respectively. The denfrogram which is drawn up by the value of the smallest distance coefficient gained by UPGMA cluster analysis indicated clearly that the relative relationship between M. biroi and M. subhyalinus is rather close, and same situation happened to N. Santae-crucis and Crytotermes domesticus. It was as same as the result got by morphological observation.The analysis of the termite cuticular hydrocarbons of different species showed that there was a discrepancy in the cuticular hydrocarbons components and quantity of eleven species. The denfrogram which is drawn up by the value of the smallest distance coefficient gained by UPGMA cluster analysis makes it clear that the relative relationship of 9 Coptotermes species is rather close, and so it is in Neotermes.The analysis of the termite cuticular hydrocarbons of the same specie from different areas shows that the components of the termite cuticular hydrocarbons of the same specie are stable. It proves that the analysis method of cuticular hydrocarbons is reliable to some degree.The experiment showed that classification based on the features on the components and quantity of termite cuticular hydrocarbons has certain reference value. It can be regarded as an important method in identification of alien termite specie that could not be determined by morphological characteristics.更多还原