【作者】 张元；

【导师】 王银泉；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着中国改革开放以来社会的深刻变革,大量的外来语,尤其是受英语的影响而借入的英源性外来语,正以惊人的速度进入汉语的词汇系统,并有日渐扩大的趋势。其中,外来语借入中的“字母词现象”(汉语中夹带外文字母或直接用外文字母来表达,也包括一部分用汉语拼音自造的缩写词)引起了语言学家的极大关注和重视。对现代汉语中外来语的研究一直是语言学研究的重要课题。本文在借鉴以往研究成果的基础上,透过字母词盛行这一社会语言现象,探究了汉语对待外来语(尤其是英源性外来语)态度变化背后的深层原因,以期拓宽外来语研究的视野范围,从而更深入的理解和处理外来语与本国语的关系问题。文章分六个章节。首先通过对外来语研究的回顾,从汉语借用外来语方式的转变,即从音借,译借,混借,转借,再到直接借用的演变入手,由此,不仅可以从借入的外来语中窥见社会文化交流的方方面面,还可以通过语言借用方式的演变来观察汉语对于借入的外来语的态度。文章接着着重探讨字母词现象作为一种直接的外来语借用方式,论述了它的定义、分类、主要分布领域、特点、对汉语的影响以及关于字母词规范的原则等。其次,本文就汉语对待外来语的态度演变做了历时的简要分析。汉语对待外来语的态度从一贯的排斥,到现在的接受,及至能够辩证的对待,经历了一个历时的演变过程,字母词现象鲜明的折射了特定阶段汉语对待外来语的态度表现。文末重点剖析了汉语对待外来语态度渐变的社会、文化、语言以及心理成因。语言与社会的共变,导致了语言的发展变化,尤其发生在政治,经济以及科技领域的深刻变革,深深的影响着语言的发展变化,外来语即是这种影响在语言学领域的表现之一,字母词的大量存在更是与当今中国社会的巨变有着密切的关系;由于文化失衡的结果,英语文化正以其强势地位从各个方面对汉语施加前所未有的强大影响,导致外来语及字母词的涌入及汉语使用者的追捧和推崇;另一方面,基于中国传统语言文明所具有的开放和宽容的特质,汉语对于其他语言文明的吸收,大体经历从抗拒排斥到半推半就再到主动学习的过程。语言上,由于外来语本身简洁醒目,书写便利,符合语言使用的经济原则;同时具有形象直观,表现力强,含蓄幽默,凸现异域色彩等修辞色彩,并且有利于与国际接轨等优点也使得人们乐于接受外来语。在借入的过程中由于译名的多样化,给理解造成困难,于是不加翻译索性直接借用外来形式;心理上,随着人们观念的开放,寻求新奇,向往异质发达文化,喜欢多样化和个性化的风格,追求陌生化的效果。总之,是当今人们趋新、求雅、尚异的社会心理使然。综上所述,汉语对待外来语态度的变化是社会、文化、语言、心理四种因素交叉相互作用的结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the profound change of the Chinese society since China’s reform and opening up, a large number of loan words, also called "alien words" or "borrowed words" which are borrowed mainly from English nowadays, are finding their way into the Chinese language system at a high speed. Letter words (those words directly written in Latin or Greek letters, also including a very small part of abbreviations made up of Chinese Pinyin letters) have attracted the attention of the society, in particular that of the sociolinguists.Research on loan words in the Chinese language has always been an important problem in the linguistic field since the 1950s. The growing number of loan words in the Chinese language, on the one hand, has enriched the Chinese vocabulary to make it more expressive and more colorful than ever before. On the other hand, such a phenomenon has caused worry and fear among the Chinese people who regard it as cultural invasion or cultural imperialism.Based on China’s socio-linguistic background mentioned above, this thesis, as a supplement to loan-word study, is divided into six chapters.Firstly, beginning with a brief review of loan words research in China, the paper makes a discussion on the borrowing means of loan words in the Chinese language, that is, phonetic loans, translation loans, hybrids, loanshift and graphic loans, from which we can not only learn about each aspect of socio-cultural communication but also perceive the language attitude of Chinese toward loan words.Secondly, this paper lays emphasis on the sociolinguistic phenomenon of the widespread use of letter words in the Chinese language. Special consideration will be given to its definition, classification, distribution field, characteristics and influences upon the Chinese language and standardization principles.Next, a brief historical review of the changing attitude of the Chinese language toward loan words will be discussed. From repulsiveness to acceptance, and finally to dialectics toward loan words, the process of the attitude change of the Chinese language toward loan words has undergone a gradual diachronic evolvement.Lastly, the thesis explores the reasons for the attitude change of the Chinese language toward loan words from four aspects: socially, culturally, linguistically and psychologically. As to the social reasons, according to the Theory of Covariance of Language with Society, social development inevitably causes language development. The popularity of letter words is the linguistic reflection of social changes taking place in almost all the social fields of China. Culturally, on the one hand, for the outcome of cultural imbalance between English and Chinese, Chinese as the recipient language is influenced greatly by English as the donor language and its culture; on the other hand, the attitude change is determined by one of the characteristics of traditional Chinese language civilization—tolerance and opening-up to other language civilizations. Linguistically, loan words, particularly letter words, are concise and vivid which is in accordance with the Principle of Economy in language use. Meanwhile, they also have semantic ambiguity function and euphemistic function when used in communication. More importantly, they have international acceptability because of its written form in Latin or Greek letters. Psychologically, the psychology of pursuing new and exotic things as well as liking multiform styles and individual expressions is reflected in the popularity of letter words in China nowadays. In the final analysis, the reasons for the attitude change of the Chinese language toward loan words are the result of these four factors interacting with each other.更多还原