【作者】 马晓荣；

【导师】 常向阳；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以人力资本理论和Grossman的健康需求理论为基础，对我国农村居民健康需求进行了实证研究，并对Grossman模型理论预测进行了验证。Grossman的模型提供了三个预测：第一，如果健康折旧率在生命周期的某一时间后随年龄而增长，所需求的健康资本将随生命周期下降；第二，消费者对健康的需求与其工资率成正相关关系；第三，假如教育提高了健康投资的产出效率，则教育水平更高的人将需求更大的健康存量。运用中国营养健康调查(China Health and Nutrition Survey)2004年的数据，以遍布我国东中西部地区的九个省份的农村点的3987个居民作为研究对象，采用自评健康状况指标和生命质量指标这两种具有代表性的健康测度方法分析了农村居民的健康状况，即调查时点的健康存量，并比较了九个省份农村居民健康的差异。在此基础上，根据健康测度指标的不同，分别采用了有序Logit模型和Tobit模型分析农村居民健康需求的影响因素，并与Grossman模型的理论预测进行了对比分析。农村居民健康状况描述性分析的结果表明：从自评健康状况的分析来看，各个省份农村居民的健康状况存在着差异，但自评健康状况都在健康水平一般以上，广西、贵州等西部省份居民的自评健康最差，且低于样本平均水平；所有省份的样本数据都一致显示：男性的自评健康较女性要好。从生命质量指标的分析来看，各个省份的健康状况同样存在差异，但女性的健康状况优于男性。农村居民健康需求的实证研究结果表明：年龄、卫生服务价格等对健康具有显著的负效应，而教育程度、家庭人均收入对健康具有显著的正效应，有工作的农村居民要比没有工作的居民自评健康好，在婚的农村居民要比未婚、离婚或丧偶的居民生命质量指标高。总体来看，自评健康作为健康衡量指标所得出的回归结果要比生命质量指标的回归结果更加符合Grossman模型的预测。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper is an empirical economic study on the demand for health in rural China basing on the human capital and Grossman’s health capital demand theory. At the same time, we tested the Grossman’s theoretical predictions. These predications are as follows: Firstly, if the rate of depreciation on the stock of health rises over the life cycle, the quantity of health demanded will fall with the life cycle; Secondly, consumers’ demand for health has a positive relationship with the wage; Finally, more educated people are more efficient producers of health.Using the data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2004, the paper chooses 3987 rural residents which are from nine provinces in China, and two methods were applied to estimate the current health capital stock of the rural residents. And then compares the differences among the nine provinces. The ordered Logit and Tobit models were employed to analyses factors influencing demand for health of the rural residents.The findings of descriptive research on health status of the rural residents indicate, based on the self-evaluation of health status, there were some differences among provinces, but the rural residents’ average health status was above the general level. The health status of residents from Guangxi and Guizhou was the worst and below the general level. Male’s self-evaluation of health status was better than the female’s. Based the quality of well-being Scale, different provinces also had different health status. But the male’s quality of well-being scale was worse than the female’s.The results of empirical research on the demand for health in rural China indicated, age and the medical care price have significantly negative effects on rural residents’ demand for health, while education and family average income have prominently positive influence. The health self-evaluation of worked rural residents was better than others. The Quality of Well-being scale of married rural residents was higher than others. On the whole, compared with the Quality of Well-being scale, the regression results by the self-evaluation of health status conformed to the Grossman’s theoretical prediction better.更多还原